Lifestyle and genetic risk of chronic liver disease in metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals from the general population
Drake, I. LU ; Giontella, A. LU
; Miari, M.
LU
; Önnerhag, K.
LU
and Orho-Melander, M.
LU
(2024)
In JHEP Reports
6(8).
- Abstract
- Background & Aims: It is unclear to what extent lifestyle and genetic factors affect the incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the general population and if lifestyle affects CLD independently of underlying cardiometabolic perturbations and genetic predisposition. Methods: We examined 27,991 men and women aged 44-73 years from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study recruited between 1991-1996 and followed until the end of 2020 using registry linkage (median follow-up time 25.1 years; 382 incident first-time CLD events). Associations between cardiometabolic factors, polygenic risk scores (PRSs), and lifestyle factors in relation to CLD were examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The incidence of... (More)
- Background & Aims: It is unclear to what extent lifestyle and genetic factors affect the incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the general population and if lifestyle affects CLD independently of underlying cardiometabolic perturbations and genetic predisposition. Methods: We examined 27,991 men and women aged 44-73 years from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study recruited between 1991-1996 and followed until the end of 2020 using registry linkage (median follow-up time 25.1 years; 382 incident first-time CLD events). Associations between cardiometabolic factors, polygenic risk scores (PRSs), and lifestyle factors in relation to CLD were examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The incidence of CLD increased with number of cardiometabolic risk factors (the hazard ratio per each additional cardiometabolic risk factor was 1.33; 95% CI 1.21-1.45; p = 5.1 x 10-10). Two novel PRSs for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and a PRS for cirrhosis were associated with higher risk of CLD but provided marginal predictive utility on top of other risk factors and compared to the PNPLA3 rs738409 genetic variant. An unhealthy lifestyle (high alcohol intake, current smoking, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet) markedly increased the risk of CLD (hazard ratio 3.97, 95% CI 2.59-6.10). Observed associations between examined lifestyle factors and CLD were largely independent of cardiometabolic perturbations and polygenic risk. Conclusions: We confirmed the importance of cardiometabolic dysfunction in relation to risk of CLD in the general population. Lifestyle risk factors were shown to be independently associated with CLD and added predictive information on top of cardiometabolic risk factors. Information on the polygenic risk of liver disease does not currently improve the prediction of CLD in the general population. Impact and implications: This large population-based prospective study suggests largely independent roles of cardiometabolic, lifestyle, and genetic risk factors in the development of chronic liver disease. Findings strengthen the evidence base for a beneficial effect of modification of high-risk lifestyle behaviors in the primary prevention of chronic liver disease in the general population. © 2024 The Author(s) (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/9f5bb132-0037-4956-9891-c9ab1ff93ba0
- author
- Drake, I.
LU
; Giontella, A.
LU
; Miari, M.
LU
; Önnerhag, K.
LU
and Orho-Melander, M.
LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2024
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, diet, lifestyle, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, polygenic risk, antihypertensive agent, antilipemic agent, adult, aged, alcohol consumption, Article, cardiometabolic risk factor, cohort analysis, confidence interval, controlled study, disease association, female, follow up, gene, genetic predisposition, genetic risk, genetic risk score, genetic variability, hazard ratio, human, incidence, liver cirrhosis, major clinical study, male, metabolic fatty liver, middle aged, observational study, physical inactivity, PNPLA3 gene, prediction, primary prevention, proportional hazards model, prospective study, smoking, unhealthy diet
- in
- JHEP Reports
- volume
- 6
- issue
- 8
- article number
- 101105
- publisher
- Elsevier
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85197039487
- ISSN
- 2589-5559
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101105
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 9f5bb132-0037-4956-9891-c9ab1ff93ba0
- date added to LUP
- 2024-09-12 14:10:05
- date last changed
- 2024-09-12 14:11:19
@article{9f5bb132-0037-4956-9891-c9ab1ff93ba0,
abstract = {{Background & Aims: It is unclear to what extent lifestyle and genetic factors affect the incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the general population and if lifestyle affects CLD independently of underlying cardiometabolic perturbations and genetic predisposition. Methods: We examined 27,991 men and women aged 44-73 years from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study recruited between 1991-1996 and followed until the end of 2020 using registry linkage (median follow-up time 25.1 years; 382 incident first-time CLD events). Associations between cardiometabolic factors, polygenic risk scores (PRSs), and lifestyle factors in relation to CLD were examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The incidence of CLD increased with number of cardiometabolic risk factors (the hazard ratio per each additional cardiometabolic risk factor was 1.33; 95% CI 1.21-1.45; p = 5.1 x 10-10). Two novel PRSs for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and a PRS for cirrhosis were associated with higher risk of CLD but provided marginal predictive utility on top of other risk factors and compared to the PNPLA3 rs738409 genetic variant. An unhealthy lifestyle (high alcohol intake, current smoking, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet) markedly increased the risk of CLD (hazard ratio 3.97, 95% CI 2.59-6.10). Observed associations between examined lifestyle factors and CLD were largely independent of cardiometabolic perturbations and polygenic risk. Conclusions: We confirmed the importance of cardiometabolic dysfunction in relation to risk of CLD in the general population. Lifestyle risk factors were shown to be independently associated with CLD and added predictive information on top of cardiometabolic risk factors. Information on the polygenic risk of liver disease does not currently improve the prediction of CLD in the general population. Impact and implications: This large population-based prospective study suggests largely independent roles of cardiometabolic, lifestyle, and genetic risk factors in the development of chronic liver disease. Findings strengthen the evidence base for a beneficial effect of modification of high-risk lifestyle behaviors in the primary prevention of chronic liver disease in the general population. © 2024 The Author(s)}},
author = {{Drake, I. and Giontella, A. and Miari, M. and Önnerhag, K. and Orho-Melander, M.}},
issn = {{2589-5559}},
keywords = {{chronic liver disease; cirrhosis; diet; lifestyle; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; polygenic risk; antihypertensive agent; antilipemic agent; adult; aged; alcohol consumption; Article; cardiometabolic risk factor; cohort analysis; confidence interval; controlled study; disease association; female; follow up; gene; genetic predisposition; genetic risk; genetic risk score; genetic variability; hazard ratio; human; incidence; liver cirrhosis; major clinical study; male; metabolic fatty liver; middle aged; observational study; physical inactivity; PNPLA3 gene; prediction; primary prevention; proportional hazards model; prospective study; smoking; unhealthy diet}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{8}},
publisher = {{Elsevier}},
series = {{JHEP Reports}},
title = {{Lifestyle and genetic risk of chronic liver disease in metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals from the general population}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101105}},
doi = {{10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101105}},
volume = {{6}},
year = {{2024}},
}