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Adaptive Gen-AI Guidance in Virtual Reality : A Multimodal Exploration of Engagement in Neapolitan Pizza-Making

Lau, Ka Hei Carrie ; Sen, Sema ; Stark, Philipp LU ; Bozkir, Efe and Kasneci, Enkelejda (2025) 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, ICMI 2025 In ICMI 2025 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction p.305-316
Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) offers promising opportunities for procedural learning, particularly in preserving intangible cultural heritage. Advances in generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) further enrich these experiences by enabling adaptive learning pathways. However, evaluating such adaptive systems using traditional temporal metrics remains challenging due to the inherent variability in Gen-AI response times. To address this, our study employs multimodal behavioural metrics, including visual attention, physical exploratory behaviour, and verbal interaction, to assess user engagement in an adaptive VR environment. In a controlled experiment with (n = 54) participants, we compared three levels of adaptivity (high, moderate, and... (More)

Virtual reality (VR) offers promising opportunities for procedural learning, particularly in preserving intangible cultural heritage. Advances in generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) further enrich these experiences by enabling adaptive learning pathways. However, evaluating such adaptive systems using traditional temporal metrics remains challenging due to the inherent variability in Gen-AI response times. To address this, our study employs multimodal behavioural metrics, including visual attention, physical exploratory behaviour, and verbal interaction, to assess user engagement in an adaptive VR environment. In a controlled experiment with (n = 54) participants, we compared three levels of adaptivity (high, moderate, and non-adaptive baseline) within a Neapolitan pizza-making VR experience. Results show that moderate adaptivity optimally enhances user engagement, significantly reducing unnecessary exploratory behaviour and increasing focused visual attention on the AI avatar. Our findings suggest that a balanced level of adaptive AI provides the most effective user support, offering practical design recommendations for future adaptive educational technologies.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding
publication status
published
subject
keywords
generative artificial intelligence, intangible culture heritage, virtual reality
host publication
ICMI 2025 : Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction
series title
ICMI 2025 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction
editor
Subramanian, Ram ; Nakano, Yukiko I. ; Gedeon, Tom ; Kankanhalli, Mohan ; Guha, Tanaya ; Shukla, Jainendra ; Mohammadi, Gelareh and Celiktutan, Oya
pages
12 pages
publisher
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
conference name
27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, ICMI 2025
conference location
Canberra, Australia
conference dates
2025-10-13 - 2025-10-17
external identifiers
  • scopus:105022237872
ISBN
9798400714993
DOI
10.1145/3716553.3750760
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).
id
a8faefd7-738d-41d4-8d28-f5186f775a0f
date added to LUP
2026-01-06 11:07:39
date last changed
2026-01-07 08:49:44
@inproceedings{a8faefd7-738d-41d4-8d28-f5186f775a0f,
  abstract     = {{<p>Virtual reality (VR) offers promising opportunities for procedural learning, particularly in preserving intangible cultural heritage. Advances in generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) further enrich these experiences by enabling adaptive learning pathways. However, evaluating such adaptive systems using traditional temporal metrics remains challenging due to the inherent variability in Gen-AI response times. To address this, our study employs multimodal behavioural metrics, including visual attention, physical exploratory behaviour, and verbal interaction, to assess user engagement in an adaptive VR environment. In a controlled experiment with (n = 54) participants, we compared three levels of adaptivity (high, moderate, and non-adaptive baseline) within a Neapolitan pizza-making VR experience. Results show that moderate adaptivity optimally enhances user engagement, significantly reducing unnecessary exploratory behaviour and increasing focused visual attention on the AI avatar. Our findings suggest that a balanced level of adaptive AI provides the most effective user support, offering practical design recommendations for future adaptive educational technologies.</p>}},
  author       = {{Lau, Ka Hei Carrie and Sen, Sema and Stark, Philipp and Bozkir, Efe and Kasneci, Enkelejda}},
  booktitle    = {{ICMI 2025 : Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction}},
  editor       = {{Subramanian, Ram and Nakano, Yukiko I. and Gedeon, Tom and Kankanhalli, Mohan and Guha, Tanaya and Shukla, Jainendra and Mohammadi, Gelareh and Celiktutan, Oya}},
  isbn         = {{9798400714993}},
  keywords     = {{generative artificial intelligence; intangible culture heritage; virtual reality}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{10}},
  pages        = {{305--316}},
  publisher    = {{Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}},
  series       = {{ICMI 2025 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction}},
  title        = {{Adaptive Gen-AI Guidance in Virtual Reality : A Multimodal Exploration of Engagement in Neapolitan Pizza-Making}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3716553.3750760}},
  doi          = {{10.1145/3716553.3750760}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}