Low Prevalence of Mild Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency in Hospitalized COVID-19-Patients
(2022) In International Journal of General Medicine 15. p.5843-5848- Abstract
Introduction: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and suggested as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Furthermore, epidemiological association of high prevalence of Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and regional severity of COVID-19-impact has been hypothesized. In our study setting, the estimated prevalence rates of mild (PI*MZ, PI*SS or PI*MS) and moderate-to-severe AATD (PI*ZZ or PI*SZ) are high, 9% and 0.2%, respectively. Our primary aim was to examine the prevalence rate of AATD among hospitalized COVID-19-patients. Methods: In this prospective observational study, enrollment occurred from December 2020 to January 2021 in two COVID-19-units at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Case... (More)
Introduction: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and suggested as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Furthermore, epidemiological association of high prevalence of Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and regional severity of COVID-19-impact has been hypothesized. In our study setting, the estimated prevalence rates of mild (PI*MZ, PI*SS or PI*MS) and moderate-to-severe AATD (PI*ZZ or PI*SZ) are high, 9% and 0.2%, respectively. Our primary aim was to examine the prevalence rate of AATD among hospitalized COVID-19-patients. Methods: In this prospective observational study, enrollment occurred from December 2020 to January 2021 in two COVID-19-units at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Case definition was a patient hospitalized due to COVID-19. Patients were screened for AATD with PI-typing and if results were inconclusive, PCR for the S-and Z-genes were performed. Patients were categorized as severe or moderate COVID-19 and 30-day-mortality data were collected. The primary outcome was prevalence rate of AATD. The secondary outcome investigated association between presence of mild AATD and severe COVID-19. Results: We enrolled 61 patients with COVID-19. Two patients out of 61 (3%) had mild AATD (PI*MZ) and none had moderate-to-severe AATD. 30/61 (49%) had severe COVID-19. Both patients with mild AATD developed severe COVID-19. Yet, presence of AATD was not significantly associated with severe COVID-19 (p=0.24). Conclusion: Mild AATD (PI*MS or PI*MZ) was rare in a small cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a study setting with a high background prevalence of AATD.
(Less)
- author
- Nygren, David LU ; Mölstad, Ulrica ; Thulesius, Hans LU ; Hillman, Magnus LU ; Broman, Lars Mikael ; Tanash, Hanan LU ; Landin-Olsson, Mona LU ; Rasmussen, Magnus LU and Thunander, Maria LU
- organization
-
- Infection Medicine (BMC)
- Translational infection medicine (research group)
- Family Medicine and Community Medicine (research group)
- Diabetes lab (research group)
- Medicine, Lund
- EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (research group)
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine
- EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health
- Translational Muscle Research (research group)
- publishing date
- 2022
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, COVID-19, PI-typing, SARS-CoV-2, SERPINA1
- in
- International Journal of General Medicine
- volume
- 15
- pages
- 6 pages
- publisher
- Dove Medical Press Ltd.
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:35789772
- scopus:85133541489
- ISSN
- 1178-7074
- DOI
- 10.2147/IJGM.S370434
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- af240ca6-6560-4c94-b595-6ced047c9e0d
- date added to LUP
- 2022-09-27 11:24:22
- date last changed
- 2024-09-20 04:46:30
@article{af240ca6-6560-4c94-b595-6ced047c9e0d, abstract = {{<p>Introduction: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and suggested as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Furthermore, epidemiological association of high prevalence of Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and regional severity of COVID-19-impact has been hypothesized. In our study setting, the estimated prevalence rates of mild (PI*MZ, PI*SS or PI*MS) and moderate-to-severe AATD (PI*ZZ or PI*SZ) are high, 9% and 0.2%, respectively. Our primary aim was to examine the prevalence rate of AATD among hospitalized COVID-19-patients. Methods: In this prospective observational study, enrollment occurred from December 2020 to January 2021 in two COVID-19-units at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Case definition was a patient hospitalized due to COVID-19. Patients were screened for AATD with PI-typing and if results were inconclusive, PCR for the S-and Z-genes were performed. Patients were categorized as severe or moderate COVID-19 and 30-day-mortality data were collected. The primary outcome was prevalence rate of AATD. The secondary outcome investigated association between presence of mild AATD and severe COVID-19. Results: We enrolled 61 patients with COVID-19. Two patients out of 61 (3%) had mild AATD (PI*MZ) and none had moderate-to-severe AATD. 30/61 (49%) had severe COVID-19. Both patients with mild AATD developed severe COVID-19. Yet, presence of AATD was not significantly associated with severe COVID-19 (p=0.24). Conclusion: Mild AATD (PI*MS or PI*MZ) was rare in a small cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a study setting with a high background prevalence of AATD.</p>}}, author = {{Nygren, David and Mölstad, Ulrica and Thulesius, Hans and Hillman, Magnus and Broman, Lars Mikael and Tanash, Hanan and Landin-Olsson, Mona and Rasmussen, Magnus and Thunander, Maria}}, issn = {{1178-7074}}, keywords = {{alpha-1-antitrypsin; alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; COVID-19; PI-typing; SARS-CoV-2; SERPINA1}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{5843--5848}}, publisher = {{Dove Medical Press Ltd.}}, series = {{International Journal of General Medicine}}, title = {{Low Prevalence of Mild Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency in Hospitalized COVID-19-Patients}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S370434}}, doi = {{10.2147/IJGM.S370434}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2022}}, }