Skip to main content

Lund University Publications

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Atomic data for the Gaia-ESO Survey

Heiter, U. ; Lind, K. ; Bergemann, M. ; Asplund, M. ; Mikolaitis, Š. ; Barklem, P. S. ; Masseron, T. ; de Laverny, P. ; Magrini, L. and Edvardsson, B. , et al. (2021) In Astronomy and Astrophysics 645.
Abstract

Context. We describe the atomic and molecular data that were used for the abundance analyses of FGK-type stars carried out within the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey in the years 2012 to 2019. The Gaia-ESO Survey is one among several current and future stellar spectroscopic surveys producing abundances for Milky-Way stars on an industrial scale.

Aims. We present an unprecedented effort to create a homogeneous common line list, which was used by several abundance analysis groups using different radiative transfer codes to calculate synthetic spectra and equivalent widths. The atomic data are accompanied by quality indicators and detailed references to the sources. The atomic and molecular data... (More)

Context. We describe the atomic and molecular data that were used for the abundance analyses of FGK-type stars carried out within the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey in the years 2012 to 2019. The Gaia-ESO Survey is one among several current and future stellar spectroscopic surveys producing abundances for Milky-Way stars on an industrial scale.

Aims. We present an unprecedented effort to create a homogeneous common line list, which was used by several abundance analysis groups using different radiative transfer codes to calculate synthetic spectra and equivalent widths. The atomic data are accompanied by quality indicators and detailed references to the sources. The atomic and molecular data are made publicly available at the CDS.

Methods. In general, experimental transition probabilities were preferred but theoretical values were also used. Astrophysical gf-values were avoided due to the model-dependence of such a procedure. For elements whose lines are significantly affected by a hyperfine structure or isotopic splitting, a concerted effort has been made to collate the necessary data for the individual line components. Synthetic stellar spectra calculated for the Sun and Arcturus were used to assess the blending properties of the lines. We also performed adetailed investigation of available data for line broadening due to collisions with neutral hydrogen atoms.

Results. Among a subset of over 1300 lines of 35 elements in the wavelength ranges from 475 to 685 nm and from 850 to 895 nm, we identified about 200 lines of 24 species which have accurate gf-values and are free of blends in the spectra of the Sun and Arcturus. For the broadening due to collisions with neutral hydrogen, we recommend data based on Anstee-Barklem-O'Mara theory, where possible. We recommend avoiding lines of neutral species for which these are not available. Theoretical broadening data by R.L. Kurucz should be used for Sc II, Ti II, and Y II lines; additionally, for ionised rare-earth species, the Unsöld approximation with an enhancement factor of 1.5 for the line width can be used.

Conclusions. The line list has proven to be a useful tool for abundance determinations based on the spectra obtained within the Gaia-ESO Survey, as well as other spectroscopic projects. Accuracies below 0.2 dex are regularly achieved, where part of the uncertainties are due to differences in the employed analysis methods. Desirable improvements in atomic data were identified for a number of species, most importantly Al I, S I, and Cr II, but also Na I, Si I, Ca II, and Ni I.

(Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and , et al. (More)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and (Less)
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Atomic data, Stars: Abundances, Stars: Late-type, Surveys
in
Astronomy and Astrophysics
volume
645
article number
A106
pages
63 pages
publisher
EDP Sciences
external identifiers
  • scopus:85099370810
ISSN
0004-6361
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/201936291
project
Gaia-ESO Survey
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
b98b7bf7-f71e-4cba-82f9-470fa303a3d0
date added to LUP
2021-02-15 13:58:37
date last changed
2024-04-18 02:47:22
@article{b98b7bf7-f71e-4cba-82f9-470fa303a3d0,
  abstract     = {{<p><i>Context</i>. We describe the atomic and molecular data that were used for the abundance analyses of FGK-type stars carried out within the <i>Gaia</i>-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey in the years 2012 to 2019. The <i>Gaia</i>-ESO Survey is one among several current and future stellar spectroscopic surveys producing abundances for Milky-Way stars on an industrial scale. <br/></p><p><i>Aims</i>. We present an unprecedented effort to create a homogeneous common line list, which was used by several abundance analysis groups using different radiative transfer codes to calculate synthetic spectra and equivalent widths. The atomic data are accompanied by quality indicators and detailed references to the sources. The atomic and molecular data are made publicly available at the CDS.</p><p> <i>Methods</i>. In general, experimental transition probabilities were preferred but theoretical values were also used. Astrophysical gf-values were avoided due to the model-dependence of such a procedure. For elements whose lines are significantly affected by a hyperfine structure or isotopic splitting, a concerted effort has been made to collate the necessary data for the individual line components. Synthetic stellar spectra calculated for the Sun and Arcturus were used to assess the blending properties of the lines. We also performed adetailed investigation of available data for line broadening due to collisions with neutral hydrogen atoms.</p><p><i>Results</i>. Among a subset of over 1300 lines of 35 elements in the wavelength ranges from 475 to 685 nm and from 850 to 895 nm, we identified about 200 lines of 24 species which have accurate <i>gf</i>-values and are free of blends in the spectra of the Sun and Arcturus. For the broadening due to collisions with neutral hydrogen, we recommend data based on Anstee-Barklem-O'Mara theory, where possible. We recommend avoiding lines of neutral species for which these are not available. Theoretical broadening data by R.L. Kurucz should be used for Sc II, Ti II, and Y II lines; additionally, for ionised rare-earth species, the Unsöld approximation with an enhancement factor of 1.5 for the line width can be used.</p><p><i>Conclusions</i>. The line list has proven to be a useful tool for abundance determinations based on the spectra obtained within the <i>Gaia</i>-ESO Survey, as well as other spectroscopic projects. Accuracies below 0.2 dex are regularly achieved, where part of the uncertainties are due to differences in the employed analysis methods. Desirable improvements in atomic data were identified for a number of species, most importantly Al I, S I, and Cr II, but also Na I, Si I, Ca II, and Ni I. </p>}},
  author       = {{Heiter, U. and Lind, K. and Bergemann, M. and Asplund, M. and Mikolaitis, Š. and Barklem, P. S. and Masseron, T. and de Laverny, P. and Magrini, L. and Edvardsson, B. and Jönsson, H. and Pickering, J. C. and Ryde, N. and Bayo Arán, A. and Bensby, T. and Casey, A. R. and Feltzing, S. and Jofré, P. and Korn, A. J. and Pancino, E. and Damiani, F. and Lanzafame, A. and Lardo, C. and Monaco, L. and Morbidelli, L. and Smiljanic, R. and Worley, C. and Zaggia, S. and Randich, S. and Gilmore, G. F.}},
  issn         = {{0004-6361}},
  keywords     = {{Atomic data; Stars: Abundances; Stars: Late-type; Surveys}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{EDP Sciences}},
  series       = {{Astronomy and Astrophysics}},
  title        = {{Atomic data for the <i>Gaia</i>-ESO Survey}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936291}},
  doi          = {{10.1051/0004-6361/201936291}},
  volume       = {{645}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}