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Age of information in relativistic communication systems

Franco, Antonio LU and Landfeldt, Björn LU (2026) p.13-21
Abstract
Age of Information (AoI) is a widely used metric to quantify the freshness of updates in communication systems. Existing AoI analyses implicitly assume a shared or synchronized notion of time between transmitter and receiver, thereby neglecting distortions arising from relative motion and gravitational effects. In this paper, we investigate the impact of relativistic time dilation on information freshness and introduce a relativistic formulation of peak Age of Information (pAoI). We first study a special-relativistic setting in which a transmitter moves at constant velocity relative to a receiver, showing that naive timestamp comparison leads to systematic errors in pAoI evaluation, even at moderate velocities. When transmitter velocity is... (More)
Age of Information (AoI) is a widely used metric to quantify the freshness of updates in communication systems. Existing AoI analyses implicitly assume a shared or synchronized notion of time between transmitter and receiver, thereby neglecting distortions arising from relative motion and gravitational effects. In this paper, we investigate the impact of relativistic time dilation on information freshness and introduce a relativistic formulation of peak Age of Information (pAoI). We first study a special-relativistic setting in which a transmitter moves at constant velocity relative to a receiver, showing that naive timestamp comparison leads to systematic errors in pAoI evaluation, even at moderate velocities. When transmitter velocity is unknown, we characterize the uncertainty induced by velocity estimation and demonstrate that a polynomial estimator can accurately reconstruct the generation time in the receiver reference frame. We then extend the framework to general relativity using a weak-field approximation that jointly accounts for gravitational and kinematic clock-rate distortions. Leveraging established satellite clock modeling techniques, we show that local polynomial approximation enables effective recovery of information freshness despite unknown relativistic effects. Numerical results validate the proposed estimators across all velocity and orbital regimes. This work establishes a first connection between relativistic time modeling and AoI, providing a foundation for freshness analysis in satellite, deep-space, and high-mobility communication systems relevant to space communications and navigation. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
and
organization
alternative title
AoI i relativistiska kommunikationssystem
publishing date
type
Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding
publication status
published
subject
host publication
SPACOMM 2026 : The Eighteenth International Conference on Advances in Satellite and Space Communications - The Eighteenth International Conference on Advances in Satellite and Space Communications
article number
20018
pages
9 pages
publisher
IARIA
ISBN
978-1-68558-391-0
project
ELLIIT LU P01: WP2 Networking solutions
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
bfde4889-63f9-4580-8cde-50895341c6ac
alternative location
https://www.thinkmind.org/library/SPACOMM/SPACOMM_2026/spacomm_2026_1_30_20018.html
date added to LUP
2026-03-26 12:42:08
date last changed
2026-05-26 10:41:33
@inproceedings{bfde4889-63f9-4580-8cde-50895341c6ac,
  abstract     = {{Age of Information (AoI) is a widely used metric to quantify the freshness of updates in communication systems. Existing AoI analyses implicitly assume a shared or synchronized notion of time between transmitter and receiver, thereby neglecting distortions arising from relative motion and gravitational effects. In this paper, we investigate the impact of relativistic time dilation on information freshness and introduce a relativistic formulation of peak Age of Information (pAoI). We first study a special-relativistic setting in which a transmitter moves at constant velocity relative to a receiver, showing that naive timestamp comparison leads to systematic errors in pAoI evaluation, even at moderate velocities. When transmitter velocity is unknown, we characterize the uncertainty induced by velocity estimation and demonstrate that a polynomial estimator can accurately reconstruct the generation time in the receiver reference frame. We then extend the framework to general relativity using a weak-field approximation that jointly accounts for gravitational and kinematic clock-rate distortions. Leveraging established satellite clock modeling techniques, we show that local polynomial approximation enables effective recovery of information freshness despite unknown relativistic effects. Numerical results validate the proposed estimators across all velocity and orbital regimes. This work establishes a first connection between relativistic time modeling and AoI, providing a foundation for freshness analysis in satellite, deep-space, and high-mobility communication systems relevant to space communications and navigation.}},
  author       = {{Franco, Antonio and Landfeldt, Björn}},
  booktitle    = {{SPACOMM 2026 : The Eighteenth International Conference on Advances in Satellite and Space Communications}},
  isbn         = {{978-1-68558-391-0}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{05}},
  pages        = {{13--21}},
  publisher    = {{IARIA}},
  title        = {{Age of information in relativistic communication systems}},
  url          = {{https://www.thinkmind.org/library/SPACOMM/SPACOMM_2026/spacomm_2026_1_30_20018.html}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}