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Identification and Characterization of Stem Cells in Preleukemia and Leukemia

Nilsson, Lars LU (2004)
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the daily and life long production of large numbers of mature blood cells through highly regulated self-renewal and multilineage capabilities. Leukemias on the other hand, are characterized by a clonal, dysregulated, lineage skewed proliferation and impaired differentiation as the result of multiple accumulated genetic events. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) most leukemic blasts have limited proliferative capacity and it has been shown that a small subpopulation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) possess self-renewal and extensive proliferative capabilities and are thereby responsible and also sufficient for maintaining the leukemia. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and polycytemia vera (PCV)... (More)
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the daily and life long production of large numbers of mature blood cells through highly regulated self-renewal and multilineage capabilities. Leukemias on the other hand, are characterized by a clonal, dysregulated, lineage skewed proliferation and impaired differentiation as the result of multiple accumulated genetic events. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) most leukemic blasts have limited proliferative capacity and it has been shown that a small subpopulation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) possess self-renewal and extensive proliferative capabilities and are thereby responsible and also sufficient for maintaining the leukemia. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and polycytemia vera (PCV) are myeloid preleukemic disorders thought to originate in a multipotent but myeloid restricted progenitor based on clonal involvement of erythroid, megakaryocytic, granulocytic but not lymphocytic cells. However, the lack of clonal involvement of mature lymphocytes does not exclude that MDS and PCV originate in normal HSCs, since the transformation events might be incompatible with development along the lymphoid pathway and the normal lymphocytes might rather be produced from residual normal HSCs or long-lived lymphoid progenitors produced prior to the onset of the disease. We have been able, through fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) purification, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) clonal evaluation and functional HSC reconstitution assays, to show that MDS and PCV initiating cells have a CD34+CD38-Thy-1+ HSC phenotype, strongly indicating that MDS and PCV originates in normal HSCs. In MDS patients with 5q deletions, the origin in normal HSCs was further supported by multilineage involvement including B lymphoid progenitors and in one case also mature B cells. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t(12;21) translocation have a fairly good prognosis, given only conventional chemotherapy while ALL with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) must be allogeneic stem cell transplanted to obtain cure. Using the same strategy as for MDS and PCV, we could for t(12;21) ALL establish that the CD34+CD38- candidate HSC pool could be subdivided into CD19+ leukemic stem cells and CD19- non-clonal, functionally intact normal HSCs while both populations were leukemic in Ph+ ALL. In addition, little or no residual normal HSC activity could be found in Ph+ ALL indicating that leukemias originating in the HSC compartment might negatively affect residual normal HSC activity, presenting one plausibel explanation for the differential prognosis in these two subgroups of ALL. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Dagligen produceras hos en vuxen människa det helt otroliga antalet av 300 miljarder (300.000.000.000) blodkroppar. De flesta är röda blodkroppar som ansvarar för att transportera syre från lungorna till alla celler i kroppen samt koldioxid i andra riktningen. Vidare finns olika sorters vita blodkroppar som skyddar oss från infektioner samt blodplättar (eller trombocyter) som har till uppgift att stoppa blödningar. De blodbildande stamcellerna i benmärgen är genom hela livet ansvariga för denna enorma produktion och detta klarar de av tack vare två viktiga egenskaper kallade ”självförnyelse” och ”multilinje-differentiering”. Självförnyelse betyder att de kopierar sig själva vilket gör att de... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Dagligen produceras hos en vuxen människa det helt otroliga antalet av 300 miljarder (300.000.000.000) blodkroppar. De flesta är röda blodkroppar som ansvarar för att transportera syre från lungorna till alla celler i kroppen samt koldioxid i andra riktningen. Vidare finns olika sorters vita blodkroppar som skyddar oss från infektioner samt blodplättar (eller trombocyter) som har till uppgift att stoppa blödningar. De blodbildande stamcellerna i benmärgen är genom hela livet ansvariga för denna enorma produktion och detta klarar de av tack vare två viktiga egenskaper kallade ”självförnyelse” och ”multilinje-differentiering”. Självförnyelse betyder att de kopierar sig själva vilket gör att de klarar sin uppgift hela livet och multilinje-differentiering innebär att varje stamcell ger upphov till alla de olika mogna celltyperna i blodet. De senaste åren har man funnit att flera cancersjukdomar och leukemier (”blodcancer”) också har sällsynta stamceller som tycks vara ansvariga för att cancertumören eller leukemin tillväxer. Dessa cancer- eller leukemi-stamceller har delvis samma (men eventuellt ökada) egenskaper som de normala stamcellerna, fr a självförnyelseförmåga medan däremot multilinje-differentieringen ofta är defekt. Detta innebär att tumör- eller leukemisjukdomen kan tillväxa snabbt och okontrollerat men bildar inte mogna funktionsdugliga celler. Dessutom vet man att dessa elakartade stamceller (liksom normala stamceller) kan skydda sig från yttre påverkan, t ex har cellgifter (cytostatika) sämre effekt på stamceller (genom att de pumpar ut cytostatika-drogen från cellen) än andra celler, vilket i sin tur innebär att leukemistamceller kan ge upphov till återfall av sjukdomen efter cellgiftsbehandling. I denna avhandling studeras stamcellerna vid olika elakartade sjukdomar i blodsystemet varav en klassisk leukemi-sjukdom kallad akut lymfatisk leukemi (ALL) i delarbete III. I delarbete I och II studeras s k myelodysplastiska syndrom (MDS) med olika kromosomavvikelser (5q- respektive trisomi 8). MDS är en s k pre-leukemi vilket innebär att sjukdomen i många fall utvecklas till leukemi. Polycytemia vera (PCV), som studeras i delarbete IV, kan också betraktas som en pre-leukemi eftersom 5-10% utvecklar akut leukemi inom lopper av 10-15 år. I delarbetena I, II och IV presenteras data som tyder på att MDS och PCV uppkommer i en normal blodbildande stamcell och att denna omvandlade (transformerade) elakartade stamcell är den som upprätthåller sjukdomen och som möjligen förklarar varför dessa sjukdomar är ytterst svåra att bota. I delarbete III undersöks två undergrupper av sjukdomen ALL hos barn, karakteriserade av olika kromosomförändringar, nämligen de som har Philadelphia-kromosom (Ph+) respektive de som har en s k translokation (förflyttning) av material mellan kromosom 12 och 21 [t(12;21)]. Våra fynd visar att Ph+ ALL uppkommer i en stamcell medan t(12;21) ALL tycks uppkomma i en mera mogen s k B lymfocyt. Eftersom t(12;21) ALL oftast botas genom enbart cellgiftsbehandling medan både MDS, PCV och Ph+ ALL måste behandlas med s k allogen (från annan person) stamcellstransplantation för att leda till bot, kan det finnas ett samband mellan om sjukdomarna uppkommer i en stamcell eller inte, i förhållande till hur svåra de är att bota. Man kan spekulera i om det i så fall skulle vara stamcellsegenskaperna som ligger till grund för denna skillnad. I vilket fall som helst så är detta sannolikt enbart en faktor av betydelse för svårigheten att bota dessa sjukdomar men våra data kan leda till att man kan studera uppkomsten av leukemier och cancersjukdomar närmare och på sikt kan detta i sin tur leda till en bättre förståelse av cancerbiologi och förhoppningsvis till bättre behandlingsmetoder för cancer. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Prof. Dick, John E., PhD, Dept of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Haematology, extracellulära vätskor, Hematologi, Philadelphia chromosome, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, polycytemia vera, 5q- syndrome, myelodysplastic syndromes, self-renewal, preleukemia, Hematopoietic stem cells, leukemic stem cells, extracellular fluids
pages
200 pages
publisher
Lars Nilsson, BMC B10, KLinikgatan 26, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden,
defense location
Föreläsningssal 1, Centralblocket, Lunds Universitetssjukhus
defense date
2004-09-21 10:15:00
ISBN
91-628-6186-7
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Article: I. Isolation and characterization of hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells in 5q-deleted myelodysplastic syndromes: evidence for involvement at the hematopoietic stem cell level.Nilsson L, Åstrand-Grundström I, Arvidsson I and Jacobsson BBlood. 2000;96:2012-2021. Article: II. Involvement and functional impairment of the CD34+CD38-Thy-1+ hematopoietic stem cell pool in myelodysplastic syndromes with trisomy 8.Nilsson L, Åstrand-Grundström I, Anderson K, Arvidsson I, Hokland P, Bryder D, Kjeldsen L, Johansson B, Hellström-Lindberg E, Hast R and Jacobsen SEW.Blood. 2002;100:259-267. Article: III. Distinct patterns of hematopoietic stem cell involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Castor A, Nilsson L, Åstrand-Grundström I, Anderson K, Strömbeck B, Garwicz S, Bekassy A, Schmiegelow K, Lausen B, Lehman S, Johansson B, and Jacobsen SEW.Manuscript submitted Article: IV. Identification of polycytemia vera initiating stem cells: Clonal involvement and expansion of the CD34+CD38-Lin-Thy-1+ hematopoietic stem cell compartment.Nilsson L, Åstrand-Grundström I, Strömbeck B, Arvidsson I, Castor A, Anderson K, Kutti J, Hast R, Westin J, Johansson B and Jacobsen SEW.Manuscript submitted. The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory (013022012)
id
c1c4eb67-2b94-4152-ad63-f3b178b25e2d (old id 467210)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 11:10:36
date last changed
2018-11-21 21:03:08
@phdthesis{c1c4eb67-2b94-4152-ad63-f3b178b25e2d,
  abstract     = {{Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the daily and life long production of large numbers of mature blood cells through highly regulated self-renewal and multilineage capabilities. Leukemias on the other hand, are characterized by a clonal, dysregulated, lineage skewed proliferation and impaired differentiation as the result of multiple accumulated genetic events. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) most leukemic blasts have limited proliferative capacity and it has been shown that a small subpopulation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) possess self-renewal and extensive proliferative capabilities and are thereby responsible and also sufficient for maintaining the leukemia. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and polycytemia vera (PCV) are myeloid preleukemic disorders thought to originate in a multipotent but myeloid restricted progenitor based on clonal involvement of erythroid, megakaryocytic, granulocytic but not lymphocytic cells. However, the lack of clonal involvement of mature lymphocytes does not exclude that MDS and PCV originate in normal HSCs, since the transformation events might be incompatible with development along the lymphoid pathway and the normal lymphocytes might rather be produced from residual normal HSCs or long-lived lymphoid progenitors produced prior to the onset of the disease. We have been able, through fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) purification, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) clonal evaluation and functional HSC reconstitution assays, to show that MDS and PCV initiating cells have a CD34+CD38-Thy-1+ HSC phenotype, strongly indicating that MDS and PCV originates in normal HSCs. In MDS patients with 5q deletions, the origin in normal HSCs was further supported by multilineage involvement including B lymphoid progenitors and in one case also mature B cells. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t(12;21) translocation have a fairly good prognosis, given only conventional chemotherapy while ALL with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) must be allogeneic stem cell transplanted to obtain cure. Using the same strategy as for MDS and PCV, we could for t(12;21) ALL establish that the CD34+CD38- candidate HSC pool could be subdivided into CD19+ leukemic stem cells and CD19- non-clonal, functionally intact normal HSCs while both populations were leukemic in Ph+ ALL. In addition, little or no residual normal HSC activity could be found in Ph+ ALL indicating that leukemias originating in the HSC compartment might negatively affect residual normal HSC activity, presenting one plausibel explanation for the differential prognosis in these two subgroups of ALL.}},
  author       = {{Nilsson, Lars}},
  isbn         = {{91-628-6186-7}},
  keywords     = {{Haematology; extracellulära vätskor; Hematologi; Philadelphia chromosome; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; polycytemia vera; 5q- syndrome; myelodysplastic syndromes; self-renewal; preleukemia; Hematopoietic stem cells; leukemic stem cells; extracellular fluids}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Lars Nilsson, BMC B10, KLinikgatan 26, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden,}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Identification and Characterization of Stem Cells in Preleukemia and Leukemia}},
  year         = {{2004}},
}