Pupil Diameter during Counting Tasks as Potential Baseline for Virtual Reality Experiments
(2023) 15th Annual ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2023 In Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)- Abstract
Pupil diameter is a reliable indicator of mental effort, but it must be baseline corrected to account for its idiosyncratic nature. Established methods for measuring baselines cannot be applied in virtual reality (VR) experiments. To reliably measure a pupil diameter baseline in VR, we propose a short testing environment of visual arithmetic tasks. In an experiment with 66 university students, we analyzed external reliability and internal validity criteria for pupil diameter measures during counting and summation tasks. During the counting task, we found a high retest reliability between stimulus intervals. Acceptable retest reliability was found for task repetition at a second measuring time. Analyzing internal validity, we found that... (More)
Pupil diameter is a reliable indicator of mental effort, but it must be baseline corrected to account for its idiosyncratic nature. Established methods for measuring baselines cannot be applied in virtual reality (VR) experiments. To reliably measure a pupil diameter baseline in VR, we propose a short testing environment of visual arithmetic tasks. In an experiment with 66 university students, we analyzed external reliability and internal validity criteria for pupil diameter measures during counting and summation tasks. During the counting task, we found a high retest reliability between stimulus intervals. Acceptable retest reliability was found for task repetition at a second measuring time. Analyzing internal validity, we found that pupil diameter increased with task difficulty comparing both tasks. Further, a linear effect was found between the pupil diameter amplitude and luminance levels. Our findings highlight the potential of counting tasks as a pupil diameter baseline for VR experiments.
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- author
- Stark, Philipp LU ; Appel, Tobias ; Olbrich, Milo J. and Kasneci, Enkelejda
- publishing date
- 2023-05-30
- type
- Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Arithmetic task, Baseline, Counting, Pupil diameter, Summation, Virtual reality
- host publication
- Proceedings - ETRA 2023 : ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications - ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
- series title
- Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)
- editor
- Spencer, Stephen N.
- article number
- 17
- publisher
- Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
- conference name
- 15th Annual ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2023
- conference location
- Tubingen, Germany
- conference dates
- 2023-05-30 - 2023-06-02
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85161119061
- ISBN
- 9798400701504
- DOI
- 10.1145/3588015.3588414
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- no
- additional info
- Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Owner/Author.
- id
- ca656aa0-4988-4f68-8d41-06c33e4156ad
- date added to LUP
- 2024-10-15 08:45:59
- date last changed
- 2025-04-04 15:16:33
@inproceedings{ca656aa0-4988-4f68-8d41-06c33e4156ad,
abstract = {{<p>Pupil diameter is a reliable indicator of mental effort, but it must be baseline corrected to account for its idiosyncratic nature. Established methods for measuring baselines cannot be applied in virtual reality (VR) experiments. To reliably measure a pupil diameter baseline in VR, we propose a short testing environment of visual arithmetic tasks. In an experiment with 66 university students, we analyzed external reliability and internal validity criteria for pupil diameter measures during counting and summation tasks. During the counting task, we found a high retest reliability between stimulus intervals. Acceptable retest reliability was found for task repetition at a second measuring time. Analyzing internal validity, we found that pupil diameter increased with task difficulty comparing both tasks. Further, a linear effect was found between the pupil diameter amplitude and luminance levels. Our findings highlight the potential of counting tasks as a pupil diameter baseline for VR experiments.</p>}},
author = {{Stark, Philipp and Appel, Tobias and Olbrich, Milo J. and Kasneci, Enkelejda}},
booktitle = {{Proceedings - ETRA 2023 : ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications}},
editor = {{Spencer, Stephen N.}},
isbn = {{9798400701504}},
keywords = {{Arithmetic task; Baseline; Counting; Pupil diameter; Summation; Virtual reality}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{05}},
publisher = {{Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)}},
series = {{Eye Tracking Research and Applications Symposium (ETRA)}},
title = {{Pupil Diameter during Counting Tasks as Potential Baseline for Virtual Reality Experiments}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3588414}},
doi = {{10.1145/3588015.3588414}},
year = {{2023}},
}