Social and economic consequences of alcohol use disorder : a longitudinal cohort and co-relative analysis
(2017) In Psychological Medicine 47(5). p.925-935- Abstract
Background: Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with future risk for psychosocial dysfunction, the degree to which this arises from a direct causal effect of AUD on functioning v. from correlated risk factors (also known as confounders) is less clearly established. Method: AUD was assessed from Swedish medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. In a large general population cohort, using Cox proportional hazard and regression models, we predicted from the onset of AUD four outcomes: early retirement, unemployment, social assistance, and individual income. We then examined the degree to which these associations were attenuated by relevant confounders as well as by the use of discordant cousin, half-sibling, full-sibling,... (More)
Background: Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with future risk for psychosocial dysfunction, the degree to which this arises from a direct causal effect of AUD on functioning v. from correlated risk factors (also known as confounders) is less clearly established. Method: AUD was assessed from Swedish medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. In a large general population cohort, using Cox proportional hazard and regression models, we predicted from the onset of AUD four outcomes: early retirement, unemployment, social assistance, and individual income. We then examined the degree to which these associations were attenuated by relevant confounders as well as by the use of discordant cousin, half-sibling, full-sibling, and monozygotic twin pairs. Results: In males, AUD most strongly predicted social assistance [hazard ratio (HR) 8.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.96–8.59], followed by early retirement (HR 5.63, 95% CI 5.53–5.72) and unemployment (HR 2.75, 95% CI 2.65–2.85). For income at age 50, AUD was associated with a decrease in income of 0.24 s.d.s (95% CI −0.25 to −0.23). Results were similar in females. Modest to moderate attenuation of these associations was seen in both sexes after the addition of relevant covariates. These associations were reduced but remained robust in discordant co-relative pairs, including monozygotic twins. Conclusions: Our results suggest that AUD has a causal impact on a range of measures reflective of psychosocial dysfunction. These findings provide strong support for the drift hypothesis. However, some of the associations between AUD and dysfunction appear to be non-causal and result from shared risk factors, many of which are likely familial.
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- author
- Kendler, K. S. LU ; Ohlsson, H. LU ; Karriker-Jaffe, K. J. ; Sundquist, J. LU and Sundquist, K. LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2017
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Alcohol use disorder, co-relative design, drift, early retirement, income, social assistance, unemployment
- in
- Psychological Medicine
- volume
- 47
- issue
- 5
- pages
- 11 pages
- publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85002083593
- pmid:27917730
- wos:000396305100011
- ISSN
- 0033-2917
- DOI
- 10.1017/S0033291716003032
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- cbb279fc-87a0-4a88-b636-35c52a63b937
- date added to LUP
- 2016-12-28 08:37:45
- date last changed
- 2024-06-14 21:05:44
@article{cbb279fc-87a0-4a88-b636-35c52a63b937,
abstract = {{<p>Background: Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with future risk for psychosocial dysfunction, the degree to which this arises from a direct causal effect of AUD on functioning v. from correlated risk factors (also known as confounders) is less clearly established. Method: AUD was assessed from Swedish medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. In a large general population cohort, using Cox proportional hazard and regression models, we predicted from the onset of AUD four outcomes: early retirement, unemployment, social assistance, and individual income. We then examined the degree to which these associations were attenuated by relevant confounders as well as by the use of discordant cousin, half-sibling, full-sibling, and monozygotic twin pairs. Results: In males, AUD most strongly predicted social assistance [hazard ratio (HR) 8.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.96–8.59], followed by early retirement (HR 5.63, 95% CI 5.53–5.72) and unemployment (HR 2.75, 95% CI 2.65–2.85). For income at age 50, AUD was associated with a decrease in income of 0.24 s.d.s (95% CI −0.25 to −0.23). Results were similar in females. Modest to moderate attenuation of these associations was seen in both sexes after the addition of relevant covariates. These associations were reduced but remained robust in discordant co-relative pairs, including monozygotic twins. Conclusions: Our results suggest that AUD has a causal impact on a range of measures reflective of psychosocial dysfunction. These findings provide strong support for the drift hypothesis. However, some of the associations between AUD and dysfunction appear to be non-causal and result from shared risk factors, many of which are likely familial.</p>}},
author = {{Kendler, K. S. and Ohlsson, H. and Karriker-Jaffe, K. J. and Sundquist, J. and Sundquist, K.}},
issn = {{0033-2917}},
keywords = {{Alcohol use disorder; co-relative design; drift; early retirement; income; social assistance; unemployment}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{5}},
pages = {{925--935}},
publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
series = {{Psychological Medicine}},
title = {{Social and economic consequences of alcohol use disorder : a longitudinal cohort and co-relative analysis}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716003032}},
doi = {{10.1017/S0033291716003032}},
volume = {{47}},
year = {{2017}},
}