Skip to main content

Lund University Publications

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Trends in risk factors among young patients with acute myocardial infarction : a nationwide cohort study

Simonsson, Moa ; Mohammad, Moman A. LU orcid ; Sederholm Lawesson, Sofia ; Hofmann, Robin ; Faxén, Jonas ; Erlinge, David LU orcid ; Reitan, Christian LU and Andell, Pontus LU (2025) In European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes 11(6). p.835-846
Abstract

Aims Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with significant loss-of-life expectancy, particularly among younger females. Addressing risk factors is crucial for optimizing prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to describe the trends in risk factors and clinical outcomes in a nationwide cohort of young AMI patients stratified by sex. Methods and results Using Swedish registries, we included AMI patients aged 18–59 and selected five matched non-AMI controls from the general population. Risk factors included hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, smoking and systemic inflammatory disease. Clinical outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (death, AMI, stroke, or heart failure)... (More)

Aims Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with significant loss-of-life expectancy, particularly among younger females. Addressing risk factors is crucial for optimizing prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to describe the trends in risk factors and clinical outcomes in a nationwide cohort of young AMI patients stratified by sex. Methods and results Using Swedish registries, we included AMI patients aged 18–59 and selected five matched non-AMI controls from the general population. Risk factors included hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, smoking and systemic inflammatory disease. Clinical outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (death, AMI, stroke, or heart failure) and bleeding events. From 2006 to 2021, 44 254 AMI cases (9602 females and 34 652 males) and 220 721 non-AMI controls (47 967 females and 172 754 males) were included. Among AMI cases, the prevalence of at least one risk factor was higher in females than males (78.9 vs. 73.7%). Obesity increased from 25.2 to 35.5% becoming the most common risk factor. The risk of clinical outcomes was higher in cases than controls and in females compared with males among the cases, but lower among females compared with males among the controls. Five-year mortality was 6.1 vs. 1.3% in females and 4.9 vs. 1.8% males (cases vs. controls). Conclusion Three in four young AMI patients have at least one known risk factor, of which obesity is the most common. Risk factor burden and clinical outcomes are worse among females. Prevention strategies and enhanced follow-up for young AMI patients should be prioritized. Further studies are needed to investigate sex-specific risk factors.

(Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Acute myocardial infarction, Risk factor, Temporal trends, Young
in
European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes
volume
11
issue
6
pages
12 pages
publisher
Oxford University Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:40417942
  • scopus:105016487946
ISSN
2058-5225
DOI
10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaf034
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
cf2c4d89-13af-4c4e-9f6a-a06bca5d1fa9
date added to LUP
2026-01-12 09:47:34
date last changed
2026-01-13 03:00:22
@article{cf2c4d89-13af-4c4e-9f6a-a06bca5d1fa9,
  abstract     = {{<p>Aims Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with significant loss-of-life expectancy, particularly among younger females. Addressing risk factors is crucial for optimizing prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to describe the trends in risk factors and clinical outcomes in a nationwide cohort of young AMI patients stratified by sex. Methods and results Using Swedish registries, we included AMI patients aged 18–59 and selected five matched non-AMI controls from the general population. Risk factors included hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, smoking and systemic inflammatory disease. Clinical outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (death, AMI, stroke, or heart failure) and bleeding events. From 2006 to 2021, 44 254 AMI cases (9602 females and 34 652 males) and 220 721 non-AMI controls (47 967 females and 172 754 males) were included. Among AMI cases, the prevalence of at least one risk factor was higher in females than males (78.9 vs. 73.7%). Obesity increased from 25.2 to 35.5% becoming the most common risk factor. The risk of clinical outcomes was higher in cases than controls and in females compared with males among the cases, but lower among females compared with males among the controls. Five-year mortality was 6.1 vs. 1.3% in females and 4.9 vs. 1.8% males (cases vs. controls). Conclusion Three in four young AMI patients have at least one known risk factor, of which obesity is the most common. Risk factor burden and clinical outcomes are worse among females. Prevention strategies and enhanced follow-up for young AMI patients should be prioritized. Further studies are needed to investigate sex-specific risk factors.</p>}},
  author       = {{Simonsson, Moa and Mohammad, Moman A. and Sederholm Lawesson, Sofia and Hofmann, Robin and Faxén, Jonas and Erlinge, David and Reitan, Christian and Andell, Pontus}},
  issn         = {{2058-5225}},
  keywords     = {{Acute myocardial infarction; Risk factor; Temporal trends; Young}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{09}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{835--846}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  series       = {{European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes}},
  title        = {{Trends in risk factors among young patients with acute myocardial infarction : a nationwide cohort study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaf034}},
  doi          = {{10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaf034}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}