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Astrometric radial velocities. III. Hipparcos measurements of nearby star clusters and associations

Madsen, Søren LU ; Dravins, Dainis LU orcid and Lindegren, Lennart LU orcid (2002) In Astronomy & Astrophysics 381. p.446-463
Abstract
Radial motions of stars in nearby moving clusters are determined fromaccurate proper motions and trigonometric parallaxes, without any use ofspectroscopy. Assuming that cluster members share the same velocityvector (apart from a random dispersion), we apply a maximum-likelihoodmethod on astrometric data from Hipparcos to compute radial and spacevelocities (and their dispersions) in the Ursa Major, Hyades, ComaBerenices, Pleiades, and Praesepe clusters, and for theScorpius-Centaurus, alpha Persei, and ``HIP 98321'' associations. Theradial motion of the Hyades cluster is determined to within 0.4 kms<SUP>-1</SUP> (standard error), and that of its individual stars towithin 0.6 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. For other clusters,... (More)
Radial motions of stars in nearby moving clusters are determined fromaccurate proper motions and trigonometric parallaxes, without any use ofspectroscopy. Assuming that cluster members share the same velocityvector (apart from a random dispersion), we apply a maximum-likelihoodmethod on astrometric data from Hipparcos to compute radial and spacevelocities (and their dispersions) in the Ursa Major, Hyades, ComaBerenices, Pleiades, and Praesepe clusters, and for theScorpius-Centaurus, alpha Persei, and ``HIP 98321'' associations. Theradial motion of the Hyades cluster is determined to within 0.4 kms<SUP>-1</SUP> (standard error), and that of its individual stars towithin 0.6 km s<SUP>-1</SUP>. For other clusters, Hipparcos data yieldastrometric radial velocities with typical accuracies of a few kms<SUP>-1</SUP>. A comparison of these astrometric values withspectroscopic radial velocities in the literature shows a good generalagreement and, in the case of the best-determined Hyades cluster, alsopermits searches for subtle astrophysical differences, such as evidencefor enhanced convective blueshifts of F-dwarf spectra, and decreasedgravitational redshifts in giants. Similar comparisons for the ScorpiusOB2 complex indicate some expansion of its associations, albeit slowerthan expected from their ages. As a by-product from the radial-velocitysolutions, kinematically improved parallaxes for individual stars areobtained, enabling Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams with unprecedentedaccuracy in luminosity. For the Hyades (parallax accuracy 0.3 mas), itsmain sequence resembles a thin line, possibly with wiggles in it.Although this main sequence has underpopulated regions at certaincolours (previously suggested to be ``Böhm-Vitense gaps''), suchare not visible for other clusters, and are probably spurious. Futurespace astrometry missions carry a great potential for absoluteradial-velocity determinations, insensitive to the complexities ofstellar spectra. Based on observations by the ESA Hipparcos satellite.Extended versions of Tables

ef{tab1} and

ef{tab2} are available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr(130.79.125.8) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/381/446 (Less)
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METHODS: DATA ANALYSIS, TECHNIQUES: RADIAL VELOCITIES, ASTROMETRY, OPEN CLUSTERS AND ASSOCIATIONS: GENERAL, STARS: DISTANCES - STARS: KINEMATICS
in
Astronomy & Astrophysics
volume
381
pages
446 - 463
publisher
EDP Sciences
external identifiers
  • wos:000173343100010
  • scopus:0036187649
ISSN
0004-6361
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361:20011458
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
d3cf488f-8bb3-404d-9525-dfb4bcbe0cbe (old id 130401)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 16:29:58
date last changed
2022-12-12 19:19:29
@article{d3cf488f-8bb3-404d-9525-dfb4bcbe0cbe,
  abstract     = {{Radial motions of stars in nearby moving clusters are determined fromaccurate proper motions and trigonometric parallaxes, without any use ofspectroscopy. Assuming that cluster members share the same velocityvector (apart from a random dispersion), we apply a maximum-likelihoodmethod on astrometric data from Hipparcos to compute radial and spacevelocities (and their dispersions) in the Ursa Major, Hyades, ComaBerenices, Pleiades, and Praesepe clusters, and for theScorpius-Centaurus, alpha Persei, and ``HIP 98321'' associations. Theradial motion of the Hyades cluster is determined to within 0.4 kms&lt;SUP&gt;-1&lt;/SUP&gt; (standard error), and that of its individual stars towithin 0.6 km s&lt;SUP&gt;-1&lt;/SUP&gt;. For other clusters, Hipparcos data yieldastrometric radial velocities with typical accuracies of a few kms&lt;SUP&gt;-1&lt;/SUP&gt;. A comparison of these astrometric values withspectroscopic radial velocities in the literature shows a good generalagreement and, in the case of the best-determined Hyades cluster, alsopermits searches for subtle astrophysical differences, such as evidencefor enhanced convective blueshifts of F-dwarf spectra, and decreasedgravitational redshifts in giants. Similar comparisons for the ScorpiusOB2 complex indicate some expansion of its associations, albeit slowerthan expected from their ages. As a by-product from the radial-velocitysolutions, kinematically improved parallaxes for individual stars areobtained, enabling Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams with unprecedentedaccuracy in luminosity. For the Hyades (parallax accuracy 0.3 mas), itsmain sequence resembles a thin line, possibly with wiggles in it.Although this main sequence has underpopulated regions at certaincolours (previously suggested to be ``Böhm-Vitense gaps''), suchare not visible for other clusters, and are probably spurious. Futurespace astrometry missions carry a great potential for absoluteradial-velocity determinations, insensitive to the complexities ofstellar spectra. Based on observations by the ESA Hipparcos satellite.Extended versions of Tables <br/><br>
ef{tab1} and <br/><br>
ef{tab2} are available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr(130.79.125.8) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/381/446}},
  author       = {{Madsen, Søren and Dravins, Dainis and Lindegren, Lennart}},
  issn         = {{0004-6361}},
  keywords     = {{METHODS: DATA ANALYSIS; TECHNIQUES: RADIAL VELOCITIES; ASTROMETRY; OPEN CLUSTERS AND ASSOCIATIONS: GENERAL; STARS: DISTANCES - STARS: KINEMATICS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{446--463}},
  publisher    = {{EDP Sciences}},
  series       = {{Astronomy & Astrophysics}},
  title        = {{Astrometric radial velocities. III. Hipparcos measurements of nearby star clusters and associations}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/4691237/624146.pdf}},
  doi          = {{10.1051/0004-6361:20011458}},
  volume       = {{381}},
  year         = {{2002}},
}