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Antioxidant Nutrients and Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Type 2 Diabetes : A Swedish Case-Control Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Lampousi, Anna Maria ; Löfvenborg, Josefin E. ; Ahlqvist, Emma LU ; Tuomi, Tiinamaija LU orcid ; Wolk, Alicja and Carlsson, Sofia (2023) In Nutrients 15(11).
Abstract

Antioxidant vitamins C and E are inversely associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated if antioxidants are also associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), with low (LADAlow) and high (LADAhigh) autoantibody levels, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and estimates of beta cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We used Swedish case-control data with incident cases of LADA (n = 584) and T2D (n = 1989) and matched population-based controls (n = 2276). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated per one standard deviation higher beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc intakes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses assessed causality... (More)

Antioxidant vitamins C and E are inversely associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated if antioxidants are also associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), with low (LADAlow) and high (LADAhigh) autoantibody levels, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and estimates of beta cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We used Swedish case-control data with incident cases of LADA (n = 584) and T2D (n = 1989) and matched population-based controls (n = 2276). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated per one standard deviation higher beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc intakes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses assessed causality between genetically predicted circulating antioxidants and LADA, T1D, and T2D, using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Among the antioxidants, vitamins C and E were inversely associated with LADAhigh (OR 0.84, CI 0.73, 0.98 and OR 0.80, CI 0.69, 0.94 respectively), but not with LADAlow or T2D. Vitamin E was also associated with higher HOMA-B and lower HOMA-IR. MR analyses estimated an OR of 0.50 (CI 0.20, 1.25) for the effect of vitamin E on T1D, but did not support causal relationships between antioxidants and either LADA or T2D. In conclusion, vitamin E may have a protective effect on autoimmune diabetes, possibly through preserved beta cell function and less insulin resistance.

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author
; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
antioxidants, autoimmune diabetes, LADA, type 2 diabetes
in
Nutrients
volume
15
issue
11
article number
2546
publisher
MDPI AG
external identifiers
  • scopus:85161394351
  • pmid:37299509
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu15112546
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
d812d616-230f-4894-b2b1-05276c26f50b
date added to LUP
2023-08-15 12:30:09
date last changed
2023-11-22 21:09:37
@article{d812d616-230f-4894-b2b1-05276c26f50b,
  abstract     = {{<p>Antioxidant vitamins C and E are inversely associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated if antioxidants are also associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), with low (LADA<sup>low</sup>) and high (LADA<sup>high</sup>) autoantibody levels, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and estimates of beta cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We used Swedish case-control data with incident cases of LADA (n = 584) and T2D (n = 1989) and matched population-based controls (n = 2276). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated per one standard deviation higher beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc intakes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses assessed causality between genetically predicted circulating antioxidants and LADA, T1D, and T2D, using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Among the antioxidants, vitamins C and E were inversely associated with LADA<sup>high</sup> (OR 0.84, CI 0.73, 0.98 and OR 0.80, CI 0.69, 0.94 respectively), but not with LADA<sup>low</sup> or T2D. Vitamin E was also associated with higher HOMA-B and lower HOMA-IR. MR analyses estimated an OR of 0.50 (CI 0.20, 1.25) for the effect of vitamin E on T1D, but did not support causal relationships between antioxidants and either LADA or T2D. In conclusion, vitamin E may have a protective effect on autoimmune diabetes, possibly through preserved beta cell function and less insulin resistance.</p>}},
  author       = {{Lampousi, Anna Maria and Löfvenborg, Josefin E. and Ahlqvist, Emma and Tuomi, Tiinamaija and Wolk, Alicja and Carlsson, Sofia}},
  issn         = {{2072-6643}},
  keywords     = {{antioxidants; autoimmune diabetes; LADA; type 2 diabetes}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  series       = {{Nutrients}},
  title        = {{Antioxidant Nutrients and Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Type 2 Diabetes : A Swedish Case-Control Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15112546}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/nu15112546}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}