Highly Efficient Class-C CMOS VCOs, Including a Comparison With Class-B VCOs
(2013) In IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 48(7). p.1730-1740- Abstract
- This paper presents two class-C CMOS VCOs with a dynamic bias of the core transistors, which maximizes the oscillation amplitude without compromising the robustness of the oscillation start-up, thereby breaking the most severe trade-off in the original class-C topology. An analysis of several different oscillators, starting with the common class-B architecture and arriving to the proposed class-C design, shows that the latter exhibits a figure-of-merit (FoM) that is closest to the ideal FoM allowed by the integration technology. The class-C VCOs have been implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process with a thick top metal layer. They are tunable between 3.4 GHz and 4.5 GHz, covering a tuning range of 28%. Drawing 5.5 mA from 1.2 V, the phase noise... (More)
- This paper presents two class-C CMOS VCOs with a dynamic bias of the core transistors, which maximizes the oscillation amplitude without compromising the robustness of the oscillation start-up, thereby breaking the most severe trade-off in the original class-C topology. An analysis of several different oscillators, starting with the common class-B architecture and arriving to the proposed class-C design, shows that the latter exhibits a figure-of-merit (FoM) that is closest to the ideal FoM allowed by the integration technology. The class-C VCOs have been implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process with a thick top metal layer. They are tunable between 3.4 GHz and 4.5 GHz, covering a tuning range of 28%. Drawing 5.5 mA from 1.2 V, the phase noise is lower than -152 dBc/Hz at a 20 MHz offset from a 4 GHz carrier. The resulting FoM is 191 dBc/Hz, and varies less than 1 dB across the tuning range. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3979665
- author
- Fanori, Luca LU and Andreani, Pietro LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2013
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Class-C, CMOS, dynamic-bias, low phase noise, start-up, VCO
- in
- IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
- volume
- 48
- issue
- 7
- pages
- 1730 - 1740
- publisher
- IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000320938600019
- scopus:84879990996
- ISSN
- 0018-9200
- DOI
- 10.1109/JSSC.2013.2253402
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- db240fef-adfa-46a4-84be-2766d2af0cc8 (old id 3979665)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 13:27:48
- date last changed
- 2022-04-06 05:04:39
@article{db240fef-adfa-46a4-84be-2766d2af0cc8, abstract = {{This paper presents two class-C CMOS VCOs with a dynamic bias of the core transistors, which maximizes the oscillation amplitude without compromising the robustness of the oscillation start-up, thereby breaking the most severe trade-off in the original class-C topology. An analysis of several different oscillators, starting with the common class-B architecture and arriving to the proposed class-C design, shows that the latter exhibits a figure-of-merit (FoM) that is closest to the ideal FoM allowed by the integration technology. The class-C VCOs have been implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process with a thick top metal layer. They are tunable between 3.4 GHz and 4.5 GHz, covering a tuning range of 28%. Drawing 5.5 mA from 1.2 V, the phase noise is lower than -152 dBc/Hz at a 20 MHz offset from a 4 GHz carrier. The resulting FoM is 191 dBc/Hz, and varies less than 1 dB across the tuning range.}}, author = {{Fanori, Luca and Andreani, Pietro}}, issn = {{0018-9200}}, keywords = {{Class-C; CMOS; dynamic-bias; low phase noise; start-up; VCO}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{1730--1740}}, publisher = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}}, series = {{IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits}}, title = {{Highly Efficient Class-C CMOS VCOs, Including a Comparison With Class-B VCOs}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2013.2253402}}, doi = {{10.1109/JSSC.2013.2253402}}, volume = {{48}}, year = {{2013}}, }