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Studies on the Roles of PDGFRA and EGFR in the Classification and Identification of Therapeutic Targets for Human Gliomas

Chen, Dongfeng LU (2013) In Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2013:106.
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary tumor in the adult central nervous system (CNS). However, the current classification of gliomas is highly subjective and even inaccurate in some cases, which leads to clinical confusion and hinders the development of targeted therapies. EGFR and PDGFRA play crucial roles in glia development and glioma pathogenesis. In this thesis we aim to establish a glial genesis-guided molecular classification scheme for gliomas based on the genes co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA and to clarify the clinical relevance and the mechanism of PDGFRA expression in different glioma subtypes. We also aim to investigate the role of cell surface PDGFRA expression in regulating glioma cell proliferation.

In order... (More)
Glioma is the most common type of primary tumor in the adult central nervous system (CNS). However, the current classification of gliomas is highly subjective and even inaccurate in some cases, which leads to clinical confusion and hinders the development of targeted therapies. EGFR and PDGFRA play crucial roles in glia development and glioma pathogenesis. In this thesis we aim to establish a glial genesis-guided molecular classification scheme for gliomas based on the genes co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA and to clarify the clinical relevance and the mechanism of PDGFRA expression in different glioma subtypes. We also aim to investigate the role of cell surface PDGFRA expression in regulating glioma cell proliferation.

In order to establish a glial genesis-guided classification scheme, we identified 69 genes co-expressed with EGFR (EM) or PDGFRA (PM) as classifiers. Using these 69 classifiers, gliomas are clarified into EM (highly expressing EM genes), PM (highly expressing PM genes), and EMlowPMlow (lowly expressing both EM and PM genes) subtypes in a morphology-independent manner. Our results showed that besides their distinct patterns of genomic alterations, EM gliomas were associated with higher age at diagnosis, poorer prognosis, stronger expression of neural stem cell genes and astrogenesis genes, while PM and EMlowPMlow gliomas were associated with younger age at diagnosis and better prognosis. PM gliomas were enriched in the expression of oligodendrogenesis genes, whereas EMlowPMlow gliomas were enriched in the signatures of mature neurons and oligodendrocytes. These findings constitute a framework for improving molecular diagnosis and identifying therapeutic targets to combat gliomas.

To investigate the clinical relevance of PDGFRA in gliomas, the clinical outcomes of gliomas with the top 25% of PDGFRA expression levels (PDGFRA-high) were compared with the gliomas with lowest 25% of PDGFRA expression levels (PDGFRA-low). We found that PDGFRA-high gliomas contained nearly all morphological subtypes, which was associated with frequent IDH1 mutation, 1p LOH, 19q LOH, less EGFR amplification, younger age at disease onset and better survival compared to PDGFRA-low gliomas. We also found that the PDGFRA expression can be induced and maintained by fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in primary glioma cells. FGF2-dependent maintenance of PDGFRA expression was concordant with the maintenance of a subset of gliogenic genes and higher rates of cell proliferation. Our findings suggest a role of FGF2 in regulating PDGFRA expression in the subset of gliomas.

To investigate the role of cell surface expression of PDGFRA in regulating cell proliferation, we compared the growth rate of primary glioma cells having high cell surface PDGFRA expression level with the glioma cells having low cell surface PDGFRA expression level. We demonstrated that glioma cell proliferation correlated with the extent of surface expression of PDGFRA in both glioma cell lines and their corresponding tumor samples. We also found that MEK inhibitor U0126 treatment can decrease the surface PDGFRA expression and result in deviation of PDGFRA from endosomal trafficking and recycling compartment to the Golgi network in a reversible, dose- and time-dependent manner without affecting total PDGFRA expression. U0126 mediated down-regulation of PDGFRA surface expression correlated with diminished cell proliferation. Our findings suggested that the trafficking of PDGFRA in glioma cells is regulated by ERK activity and can potentially be manipulated to combat glioma growth. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Gliom är den vanligaste typen av hjärntumörer hos vuxna. Den mikroskopiska klassificeringen av de olika formerna av gliom är subjektiv och i vissa fall t.o.m. felaktig, vilket leder till klinisk oklarhet som kan hindra utvecklingen av terapier som riktas mot speciella egenskaper som kännetecknar speciella typer av gliom. EGFR och PDGFRA är en cellreceptor som har en central roll i utvecklingen av hjärnans normala gliavävnad (vävnad som omger nervcellerna), och har en analog huvudroll i gliavävnadens motsvarande tumör–omvandling till gliom. Denna avhandling syftar till att dels etablera en molekylär klassifikation av gliomen på basen av den stegvisa utmognaden av de olika typerna av normala... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Gliom är den vanligaste typen av hjärntumörer hos vuxna. Den mikroskopiska klassificeringen av de olika formerna av gliom är subjektiv och i vissa fall t.o.m. felaktig, vilket leder till klinisk oklarhet som kan hindra utvecklingen av terapier som riktas mot speciella egenskaper som kännetecknar speciella typer av gliom. EGFR och PDGFRA är en cellreceptor som har en central roll i utvecklingen av hjärnans normala gliavävnad (vävnad som omger nervcellerna), och har en analog huvudroll i gliavävnadens motsvarande tumör–omvandling till gliom. Denna avhandling syftar till att dels etablera en molekylär klassifikation av gliomen på basen av den stegvisa utmognaden av de olika typerna av normala gliaceller och dess association med gener som uttrycks tillsammans med generna för cellreceptorerna EGFR eller PDGFRA, dels klargöra mekanismen och den kliniska relevansen för uttrycket av PDGFRA i olika typer av gliom, samt studera den roll PDGFRA lokaliserat till cellytan har för reglering av gliomcellers delningshastighet.

För att etablera en molekylär gliomklassificering baserad på den normala gliavävnadens utmognad identifierades 69 gener som var aktiva tillsammans med generna EGFR (EM) respektive PDGFRA (PM). Utan hänsyn till mikroskopiskt utseende klassificeras gliom från olika patienter i 3 grupper: EM (EM-gener uttrycks starkt), PM (PM-gener uttrycks starkt) och EMlowPMlow (lågt uttryck av både PM- och EM-gener). Resultatet visar att EM-gliom har starkare uttryck av omogna nervcellsgener och gener associerade med en typ av gliaceller (astroglia), sämre prognos för patienten som insjuknar vid högre ålder. PM och EMlowPMlow är associerade med bättre prognos och lägre ålder vid insjuknandet. PM-gliom har starkare uttryck av gener associerade med en annan typ av gliaceller (oligodendrocyter) liksom EMlowPMlow. De senare har starkare uttryck av gener associerade med mogna nervceller. Dessa resultat utgör en bas för att förbättra den molkylära diagnosticeringen och för att identifiera molkylära målstrukturer/mekanismer för riktad terapi.

Den kliniska relevansen av PDGFRA-uttryck i gliom har också analyserats genom att jämföra det kliniska utfallet för gliompatienter som har gliom med de 25% högsta uttrycken med patienterna med de 25% lägsta uttrycken. De höguttryckande gliomen innefattar nästan alla mikroskopiskt skilda typer av gliom, har lågt uttryck av EGFR och har ofta vissa specifika genmutationer, och patienterna insjuknade vid lägre ålder och hade bättre prognos än patienterna med lågt PDGFRA-uttryck. En tillväxtfaktor för bindvävsceller (FGF2) visas kunna inducera uttrycket av PDGFRA hos gliomceller i vävnadskultur. Graden av PDGFRA-uttryck på gliomcellers yta visas korrelera med cellernas delningshastighet.

Aktiveringen av ett enzym (MEK) utgör ett viktigt steg i den kaskad av molekylära interaktioner som leder från att en receptor internaliseras till att responderande gener aktiveras i cellens kärna. En hämmare av MEK visas minska PDGFRA-uttrycket på cellytan men däremot inte cellens totala PDGFRA. Det minskade receptoruttrycket på cellytan uppfattas vara beroende på en hämning av signalering av återtransport av internaliserade receptorer till cellytan. Att cellens totala PDGFRA inte minskar kan hänga samman med att en annan väsentlig molekyl (ERK) i de aktuella signalvägarna har visats få kompensatoriskt ökat uttryck som en långsam effekt av MEK-hämmaren. Hämmaren framkallar en minskad delningshastighet hos gliomceller i vävnadsodling, vilket går parallellt med det minskade PDDGFRA-uttrycket på cellytan. Den ökade insikten i den molekylära styrningen av PDGFRA på cellytan och därigenom delningshastigheten kan tänkas öppna för ny terapiutveckling. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Moreira, José, Section for Molecular Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Gliomas, classification, EGFR, PDGFRA, FGF2, surface expression, cell proliferation
in
Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series
volume
2013:106
pages
164 pages
publisher
Lund University
defense location
Belfragesalen (D1539a), BMC D15, Sölvegatan 17, Lund
defense date
2013-10-02 09:30:00
ISSN
1652-8220
ISBN
978-91-87449-78-9
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
dbb54355-4a3f-4a16-8398-8baf22776ee8 (old id 4114009)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 13:04:41
date last changed
2019-05-22 04:08:42
@phdthesis{dbb54355-4a3f-4a16-8398-8baf22776ee8,
  abstract     = {{Glioma is the most common type of primary tumor in the adult central nervous system (CNS). However, the current classification of gliomas is highly subjective and even inaccurate in some cases, which leads to clinical confusion and hinders the development of targeted therapies. EGFR and PDGFRA play crucial roles in glia development and glioma pathogenesis. In this thesis we aim to establish a glial genesis-guided molecular classification scheme for gliomas based on the genes co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA and to clarify the clinical relevance and the mechanism of PDGFRA expression in different glioma subtypes. We also aim to investigate the role of cell surface PDGFRA expression in regulating glioma cell proliferation.<br/><br>
In order to establish a glial genesis-guided classification scheme, we identified 69 genes co-expressed with EGFR (EM) or PDGFRA (PM) as classifiers. Using these 69 classifiers, gliomas are clarified into EM (highly expressing EM genes), PM (highly expressing PM genes), and EMlowPMlow (lowly expressing both EM and PM genes) subtypes in a morphology-independent manner. Our results showed that besides their distinct patterns of genomic alterations, EM gliomas were associated with higher age at diagnosis, poorer prognosis, stronger expression of neural stem cell genes and astrogenesis genes, while PM and EMlowPMlow gliomas were associated with younger age at diagnosis and better prognosis. PM gliomas were enriched in the expression of oligodendrogenesis genes, whereas EMlowPMlow gliomas were enriched in the signatures of mature neurons and oligodendrocytes. These findings constitute a framework for improving molecular diagnosis and identifying therapeutic targets to combat gliomas. <br/><br>
To investigate the clinical relevance of PDGFRA in gliomas, the clinical outcomes of gliomas with the top 25% of PDGFRA expression levels (PDGFRA-high) were compared with the gliomas with lowest 25% of PDGFRA expression levels (PDGFRA-low). We found that PDGFRA-high gliomas contained nearly all morphological subtypes, which was associated with frequent IDH1 mutation, 1p LOH, 19q LOH, less EGFR amplification, younger age at disease onset and better survival compared to PDGFRA-low gliomas. We also found that the PDGFRA expression can be induced and maintained by fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in primary glioma cells. FGF2-dependent maintenance of PDGFRA expression was concordant with the maintenance of a subset of gliogenic genes and higher rates of cell proliferation. Our findings suggest a role of FGF2 in regulating PDGFRA expression in the subset of gliomas.<br/><br>
To investigate the role of cell surface expression of PDGFRA in regulating cell proliferation, we compared the growth rate of primary glioma cells having high cell surface PDGFRA expression level with the glioma cells having low cell surface PDGFRA expression level. We demonstrated that glioma cell proliferation correlated with the extent of surface expression of PDGFRA in both glioma cell lines and their corresponding tumor samples. We also found that MEK inhibitor U0126 treatment can decrease the surface PDGFRA expression and result in deviation of PDGFRA from endosomal trafficking and recycling compartment to the Golgi network in a reversible, dose- and time-dependent manner without affecting total PDGFRA expression. U0126 mediated down-regulation of PDGFRA surface expression correlated with diminished cell proliferation. Our findings suggested that the trafficking of PDGFRA in glioma cells is regulated by ERK activity and can potentially be manipulated to combat glioma growth.}},
  author       = {{Chen, Dongfeng}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-87449-78-9}},
  issn         = {{1652-8220}},
  keywords     = {{Gliomas; classification; EGFR; PDGFRA; FGF2; surface expression; cell proliferation}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund University Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series}},
  title        = {{Studies on the Roles of PDGFRA and EGFR in the Classification and Identification of Therapeutic Targets for Human Gliomas}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/3146195/4114072.pdf}},
  volume       = {{2013:106}},
  year         = {{2013}},
}