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GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus

Ludvigsson, Johnny ; Krisky, David ; Casas, Rosaura ; Battelino, Tadej ; Castaño, Luis ; Greening, James ; Kordonouri, Olga ; Otonkoski, Timo ; Pozzilli, Paolo and Robert, Jean-Jacques , et al. (2012) In New England Journal of Medicine 366(5). p.433-442
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a... (More)

BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixedmeal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels. RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P = 0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period. (Funded by Diamyd Medical and the Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00723411.)

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author collaboration
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
New England Journal of Medicine
volume
366
issue
5
pages
10 pages
publisher
Massachusetts Medical Society
external identifiers
  • pmid:22296077
  • scopus:84856564903
ISSN
0028-4793
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa1107096
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
de435ab5-1cd0-439f-a07b-2e8f2a47b88f
date added to LUP
2017-09-18 08:37:06
date last changed
2024-04-14 15:57:25
@article{de435ab5-1cd0-439f-a07b-2e8f2a47b88f,
  abstract     = {{<p>BACKGROUND: The 65-kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that alum-formulated GAD65 (GAD-alum) can preserve beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We studied 334 patients, 10 to 20 years of age, with type 1 diabetes, fasting C-peptide levels of more than 0.3 ng per milliliter (0.1 nmol per liter), and detectable serum GAD65 autoantibodies. Within 3 months after diagnosis, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three study treatments: four doses of GAD-alum, two doses of GAD-alum followed by two doses of placebo, or four doses of placebo. The primary outcome was the change in the stimulated serum C-peptide level (after a mixedmeal tolerance test) between the baseline visit and the 15-month visit. Secondary outcomes included the glycated hemoglobin level, mean daily insulin dose, rate of hypoglycemia, and fasting and maximum stimulated C-peptide levels. RESULTS: The stimulated C-peptide level declined to a similar degree in all study groups, and the primary outcome at 15 months did not differ significantly between the combined active-drug groups and the placebo group (P = 0.10). The use of GAD-alum as compared with placebo did not affect the insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin level, or hypoglycemia rate. Adverse events were infrequent and mild in the three groups, with no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with GAD-alum did not significantly reduce the loss of stimulated C peptide or improve clinical outcomes over a 15-month period. (Funded by Diamyd Medical and the Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00723411.)</p>}},
  author       = {{Ludvigsson, Johnny and Krisky, David and Casas, Rosaura and Battelino, Tadej and Castaño, Luis and Greening, James and Kordonouri, Olga and Otonkoski, Timo and Pozzilli, Paolo and Robert, Jean-Jacques and Veeze, Henk J and Palmer, Jerry and Elding Larsson, Helena and Carlsson, Annelie}},
  issn         = {{0028-4793}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{433--442}},
  publisher    = {{Massachusetts Medical Society}},
  series       = {{New England Journal of Medicine}},
  title        = {{GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1107096}},
  doi          = {{10.1056/NEJMoa1107096}},
  volume       = {{366}},
  year         = {{2012}},
}