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Cybersecurity Challenges in the Digitization and Integration of Renewable Energy Systems : A Review

Kumar, Krishna LU orcid ; Pandey, Neeraj Kumar ; Verre, Filippo LU and Shah, Rachna (2025) In IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 72. p.3042-3054
Abstract

Renewable energy generation is a key to a sustainable future. Efforts are continuously being made to develop new technologies that improve energy harnessing in a more sustainable way. Additionally, existing systems are being improved with modern practices to increase their resilience and efficiency. However, the transition from conventional to digital energy systems brings significant cybersecurity challenges due to the increase in complexity and interconnectedness of energy systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of cybersecurity challenges in digitizing and integrating renewable energy systems. The article highlights the intertwined nature of cyber and physical threats, emphasizing how cyberattacks can lead to grid... (More)

Renewable energy generation is a key to a sustainable future. Efforts are continuously being made to develop new technologies that improve energy harnessing in a more sustainable way. Additionally, existing systems are being improved with modern practices to increase their resilience and efficiency. However, the transition from conventional to digital energy systems brings significant cybersecurity challenges due to the increase in complexity and interconnectedness of energy systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of cybersecurity challenges in digitizing and integrating renewable energy systems. The article highlights the intertwined nature of cyber and physical threats, emphasizing how cyberattacks can lead to grid instability and disruptions in power infrastructure. It also provides an understanding of the evaluation of mitigation strategies, including advanced encryption, real-time anomaly detection, and standardized cyber security protocols. The study provides a roadmap for enhancing the security of renewable energy infrastructures, ensuring a reliable and resilient transition to digital energy systems. The findings suggest that while advancements in cybersecurity have improved certain aspects of energy security, significant gaps remain. Therefore, real-time monitoring, regulatory compliance, and industry-wide cooperation are essential for addressing cybersecurity threats.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Cybersecurity, energy informatics, renewable energy, smart grid, sustainable infrastructure
in
IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management
volume
72
pages
13 pages
publisher
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
external identifiers
  • scopus:105010197661
ISSN
0018-9391
DOI
10.1109/TEM.2025.3586557
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Publisher Copyright: © 1988-2012 IEEE.
id
de4cc53c-934d-4a03-ab0d-090031196e14
date added to LUP
2026-01-08 16:16:07
date last changed
2026-01-08 16:16:42
@article{de4cc53c-934d-4a03-ab0d-090031196e14,
  abstract     = {{<p>Renewable energy generation is a key to a sustainable future. Efforts are continuously being made to develop new technologies that improve energy harnessing in a more sustainable way. Additionally, existing systems are being improved with modern practices to increase their resilience and efficiency. However, the transition from conventional to digital energy systems brings significant cybersecurity challenges due to the increase in complexity and interconnectedness of energy systems. This article provides a comprehensive review of cybersecurity challenges in digitizing and integrating renewable energy systems. The article highlights the intertwined nature of cyber and physical threats, emphasizing how cyberattacks can lead to grid instability and disruptions in power infrastructure. It also provides an understanding of the evaluation of mitigation strategies, including advanced encryption, real-time anomaly detection, and standardized cyber security protocols. The study provides a roadmap for enhancing the security of renewable energy infrastructures, ensuring a reliable and resilient transition to digital energy systems. The findings suggest that while advancements in cybersecurity have improved certain aspects of energy security, significant gaps remain. Therefore, real-time monitoring, regulatory compliance, and industry-wide cooperation are essential for addressing cybersecurity threats.</p>}},
  author       = {{Kumar, Krishna and Pandey, Neeraj Kumar and Verre, Filippo and Shah, Rachna}},
  issn         = {{0018-9391}},
  keywords     = {{Cybersecurity; energy informatics; renewable energy; smart grid; sustainable infrastructure}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{07}},
  pages        = {{3042--3054}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}},
  series       = {{IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management}},
  title        = {{Cybersecurity Challenges in the Digitization and Integration of Renewable Energy Systems : A Review}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2025.3586557}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/TEM.2025.3586557}},
  volume       = {{72}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}