Nanostraw-Assisted Cellular Injection of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds via Direct Membrane Opening
(2021) In Small 17(7).- Abstract
Due to their stable fluorescence, biocompatibility, and amenability to functionalization, fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND) are promising materials for long term cell labeling and tracking. However, transporting them to the cytosol remains a major challenge, due to low internalization efficiencies and endosomal entrapment. Here, nanostraws in combination with low voltage electroporation pulses are used to achieve direct delivery of FND to the cytosol. The nanostraw delivery leads to efficient and rapid FND transport into cells compared to when incubating cells in a FND-containing medium. Moreover, whereas all internalized FND delivered by incubation end up in lysosomes, a significantly larger proportion of nanostraw-injected FND are in the... (More)
Due to their stable fluorescence, biocompatibility, and amenability to functionalization, fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND) are promising materials for long term cell labeling and tracking. However, transporting them to the cytosol remains a major challenge, due to low internalization efficiencies and endosomal entrapment. Here, nanostraws in combination with low voltage electroporation pulses are used to achieve direct delivery of FND to the cytosol. The nanostraw delivery leads to efficient and rapid FND transport into cells compared to when incubating cells in a FND-containing medium. Moreover, whereas all internalized FND delivered by incubation end up in lysosomes, a significantly larger proportion of nanostraw-injected FND are in the cytosol, which opens up for using FND as cellular probes. Furthermore, in order to answer the long-standing question in the field of nano-biology regarding the state of the cell membrane on hollow nanostructures, live cell stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is performed to image directly the state of the membrane on nanostraws. The time-lapse STED images reveal that the cell membrane opens entirely on top of nanostraws upon application of gentle electrical pulses, which supports the hypothesis that many FND are delivered directly to the cytosol, avoiding endocytosis and lysosomal entrapment.
(Less)
- author
- Hebisch, Elke LU ; Hjort, Martin LU ; Volpati, Diogo LU and Prinz, Christelle N. LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2021-01-27
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- cell transfection, electroporation, nanodiamonds, nanostraws, STED microscopy
- in
- Small
- volume
- 17
- issue
- 7
- article number
- 2006421
- publisher
- John Wiley & Sons Inc.
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85099738683
- pmid:33502091
- ISSN
- 1613-6810
- DOI
- 10.1002/smll.202006421
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- e8d0bba8-8bf5-485c-ba51-52f0e510225d
- date added to LUP
- 2021-02-02 14:34:07
- date last changed
- 2024-06-27 07:56:53
@article{e8d0bba8-8bf5-485c-ba51-52f0e510225d, abstract = {{<p>Due to their stable fluorescence, biocompatibility, and amenability to functionalization, fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND) are promising materials for long term cell labeling and tracking. However, transporting them to the cytosol remains a major challenge, due to low internalization efficiencies and endosomal entrapment. Here, nanostraws in combination with low voltage electroporation pulses are used to achieve direct delivery of FND to the cytosol. The nanostraw delivery leads to efficient and rapid FND transport into cells compared to when incubating cells in a FND-containing medium. Moreover, whereas all internalized FND delivered by incubation end up in lysosomes, a significantly larger proportion of nanostraw-injected FND are in the cytosol, which opens up for using FND as cellular probes. Furthermore, in order to answer the long-standing question in the field of nano-biology regarding the state of the cell membrane on hollow nanostructures, live cell stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is performed to image directly the state of the membrane on nanostraws. The time-lapse STED images reveal that the cell membrane opens entirely on top of nanostraws upon application of gentle electrical pulses, which supports the hypothesis that many FND are delivered directly to the cytosol, avoiding endocytosis and lysosomal entrapment.</p>}}, author = {{Hebisch, Elke and Hjort, Martin and Volpati, Diogo and Prinz, Christelle N.}}, issn = {{1613-6810}}, keywords = {{cell transfection; electroporation; nanodiamonds; nanostraws; STED microscopy}}, language = {{eng}}, month = {{01}}, number = {{7}}, publisher = {{John Wiley & Sons Inc.}}, series = {{Small}}, title = {{Nanostraw-Assisted Cellular Injection of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds via Direct Membrane Opening}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202006421}}, doi = {{10.1002/smll.202006421}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2021}}, }