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Experimental Analysis of Multipath Characteristics in Indoor Distributed Massive MIMO Channels

Xu, Yingjie LU orcid ; Cai, Xuesong LU ; Willhammar, Sara LU and Tufvesson, Fredrik LU orcid (2025) In IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
Abstract

Distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), also known as cell-free massive MIMO, has emerged as a promising technology for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. This letter introduces an indoor channel measurement campaign designed to explore the behavior of multipath components (MPCs) in distributed MIMO channels. Fully coherent channels were measured between eight distributed uniform planar arrays (128 elements in total) and a 12-meter user equipment route. A method is introduced to determine the order (single- or multi-bounce) of MPC interaction by leveraging map information and MPC parameters. In addition, a Kalman filter-based framework is used for identifying the MPC interaction mechanisms (reflection or... (More)

Distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), also known as cell-free massive MIMO, has emerged as a promising technology for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. This letter introduces an indoor channel measurement campaign designed to explore the behavior of multipath components (MPCs) in distributed MIMO channels. Fully coherent channels were measured between eight distributed uniform planar arrays (128 elements in total) and a 12-meter user equipment route. A method is introduced to determine the order (single- or multi-bounce) of MPC interaction by leveraging map information and MPC parameters. In addition, a Kalman filter-based framework is used for identifying the MPC interaction mechanisms (reflection or scattering/diffraction/mixed). Finally, a comprehensive MPC-level characterization is performed based on the measured channels, including the significance of single-bounce MPCs, common single-bounce MPCs, spherical wavefront features, birth-and-death processes of the MPCs, and spatial distribution of reflections. The findings serve as a valuable reference for understanding the propagation behavior of MPCs, which is necessary for future modeling of indoor distributed MIMO channels.

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author
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
epub
subject
keywords
Channel measurements, distributed (massive) MIMO, MPC birth-and-death process, multipath characterization, spherical wavefront
in
IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
publisher
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
external identifiers
  • scopus:105013188896
ISSN
1536-1225
DOI
10.1109/LAWP.2025.3598631
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
ebc4da53-180f-4424-bb9e-b604956947cb
date added to LUP
2025-11-20 10:14:43
date last changed
2025-11-20 10:15:29
@article{ebc4da53-180f-4424-bb9e-b604956947cb,
  abstract     = {{<p>Distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), also known as cell-free massive MIMO, has emerged as a promising technology for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. This letter introduces an indoor channel measurement campaign designed to explore the behavior of multipath components (MPCs) in distributed MIMO channels. Fully coherent channels were measured between eight distributed uniform planar arrays (128 elements in total) and a 12-meter user equipment route. A method is introduced to determine the order (single- or multi-bounce) of MPC interaction by leveraging map information and MPC parameters. In addition, a Kalman filter-based framework is used for identifying the MPC interaction mechanisms (reflection or scattering/diffraction/mixed). Finally, a comprehensive MPC-level characterization is performed based on the measured channels, including the significance of single-bounce MPCs, common single-bounce MPCs, spherical wavefront features, birth-and-death processes of the MPCs, and spatial distribution of reflections. The findings serve as a valuable reference for understanding the propagation behavior of MPCs, which is necessary for future modeling of indoor distributed MIMO channels.</p>}},
  author       = {{Xu, Yingjie and Cai, Xuesong and Willhammar, Sara and Tufvesson, Fredrik}},
  issn         = {{1536-1225}},
  keywords     = {{Channel measurements; distributed (massive) MIMO; MPC birth-and-death process; multipath characterization; spherical wavefront}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}},
  series       = {{IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters}},
  title        = {{Experimental Analysis of Multipath Characteristics in Indoor Distributed Massive MIMO Channels}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3598631}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/LAWP.2025.3598631}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}