Pediatric Insulin Injection Technique : A Multi-Country Survey and Clinical Practice Implications
(2018) In Diabetes Therapy 9(6). p.2291-2302- Abstract
Introduction: The 2015 Insulin Injection Technique Questionnaire survey involving 13,289 patients included 898 (6.8%) patients in the pediatric age range (≤ 18 years). Methods: The younger patients included in the questionnaire survey were grouped according to age: Group 1 (G1), 0–6 years, n = 85; Group 2(G2), 7–13, n = 423; Group 3 (G3), 14–18, n = 390. The injection technique was evaluated by means of a questionnaire and nurse assessment. Results: Nurses found lipohypertrophy at injection sites in 41.3, 45.2, and 47.3% of patients in G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Unexpected hypoglycemia was common, ranging from 23.8 to 48.1% of patients, and glucose variability was even more common (61.0% in G1, 45.9% in G2, and 52.5% in G3); both... (More)
Introduction: The 2015 Insulin Injection Technique Questionnaire survey involving 13,289 patients included 898 (6.8%) patients in the pediatric age range (≤ 18 years). Methods: The younger patients included in the questionnaire survey were grouped according to age: Group 1 (G1), 0–6 years, n = 85; Group 2(G2), 7–13, n = 423; Group 3 (G3), 14–18, n = 390. The injection technique was evaluated by means of a questionnaire and nurse assessment. Results: Nurses found lipohypertrophy at injection sites in 41.3, 45.2, and 47.3% of patients in G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Unexpected hypoglycemia was common, ranging from 23.8 to 48.1% of patients, and glucose variability was even more common (61.0% in G1, 45.9% in G2, and 52.5% in G3); both conditions were associated with lipohypertrophy. While increasing numbers of patients were using the recommended 4-mm needles, large percentages still used longer ones (33.3% in G1, 45.9% in G2, and 61.5% in G3). The reuse of needles was also common, ranging from 21.1 to 32.5% in the three age groups. Excessive reuse, defined as using a single needle more than five times, was reported by 9.4–21.8% of patients in the three age group. The percentages of patients who had not received any injection training in the last 12 months ranged from 21.2 to 26.8% in the three groups. Conclusion: Implications of our study are as follows: (1) pediatric patients should use 4-mm pen needles or 6-mm syringes (inserted at a 45° angle); (2) patients aged ≤ 6 years should always inject into a raised skin fold regardless of which device is used; (3) all patients should rotate sites and use needles only once to avoid lipohypertrophy. Funding: Becton–Dickinson (BD) diabetes care.
(Less)
- author
- Kalra, Sanjay ; Hirsch, Laurence J. ; Frid, Anders LU ; Deeb, Asma and Strauss, Kenneth W.
- publishing date
- 2018
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Injections, Insulin, Lipohypertrophy, Needles, Pediatric, Subcutaneous
- in
- Diabetes Therapy
- volume
- 9
- issue
- 6
- pages
- 12 pages
- publisher
- Springer
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85057093526
- ISSN
- 1869-6953
- DOI
- 10.1007/s13300-018-0514-1
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- no
- id
- f4c5c5ed-ec34-4867-a46a-72b21de803ea
- date added to LUP
- 2020-04-23 08:43:56
- date last changed
- 2022-03-18 17:00:16
@article{f4c5c5ed-ec34-4867-a46a-72b21de803ea,
abstract = {{<p>Introduction: The 2015 Insulin Injection Technique Questionnaire survey involving 13,289 patients included 898 (6.8%) patients in the pediatric age range (≤ 18 years). Methods: The younger patients included in the questionnaire survey were grouped according to age: Group 1 (G1), 0–6 years, n = 85; Group 2(G2), 7–13, n = 423; Group 3 (G3), 14–18, n = 390. The injection technique was evaluated by means of a questionnaire and nurse assessment. Results: Nurses found lipohypertrophy at injection sites in 41.3, 45.2, and 47.3% of patients in G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Unexpected hypoglycemia was common, ranging from 23.8 to 48.1% of patients, and glucose variability was even more common (61.0% in G1, 45.9% in G2, and 52.5% in G3); both conditions were associated with lipohypertrophy. While increasing numbers of patients were using the recommended 4-mm needles, large percentages still used longer ones (33.3% in G1, 45.9% in G2, and 61.5% in G3). The reuse of needles was also common, ranging from 21.1 to 32.5% in the three age groups. Excessive reuse, defined as using a single needle more than five times, was reported by 9.4–21.8% of patients in the three age group. The percentages of patients who had not received any injection training in the last 12 months ranged from 21.2 to 26.8% in the three groups. Conclusion: Implications of our study are as follows: (1) pediatric patients should use 4-mm pen needles or 6-mm syringes (inserted at a 45° angle); (2) patients aged ≤ 6 years should always inject into a raised skin fold regardless of which device is used; (3) all patients should rotate sites and use needles only once to avoid lipohypertrophy. Funding: Becton–Dickinson (BD) diabetes care.</p>}},
author = {{Kalra, Sanjay and Hirsch, Laurence J. and Frid, Anders and Deeb, Asma and Strauss, Kenneth W.}},
issn = {{1869-6953}},
keywords = {{Injections; Insulin; Lipohypertrophy; Needles; Pediatric; Subcutaneous}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{6}},
pages = {{2291--2302}},
publisher = {{Springer}},
series = {{Diabetes Therapy}},
title = {{Pediatric Insulin Injection Technique : A Multi-Country Survey and Clinical Practice Implications}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13300-018-0514-1}},
doi = {{10.1007/s13300-018-0514-1}},
volume = {{9}},
year = {{2018}},
}