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Fading in Reflective and Heavily Shadowed Industrial Environments With Large Antenna Arrays

Willhammar, Sara LU ; Perre, Liesbet Van Der LU and Tufvesson, Fredrik LU orcid (2024) In IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Abstract

One of the required communication solutions to support novel use cases, e.g. in industrial environments, for 5G systems and beyond is ultra-reliability low-latency communication (URLLC). An enabling technology for URLLC is massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), which with its large antenna arrays can increase reliability due to improved user separation, array gain and the channel hardening effect. Measurements have been performed in an operating factory environment at 3.7 GHz with a co-located massive MIMO array and a unique randomly distributed array. Channel hardening can appear when the number of antennas is increased such that the variations of channel gain (small-scale fading) is decreased and it is here quantified. The... (More)

One of the required communication solutions to support novel use cases, e.g. in industrial environments, for 5G systems and beyond is ultra-reliability low-latency communication (URLLC). An enabling technology for URLLC is massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), which with its large antenna arrays can increase reliability due to improved user separation, array gain and the channel hardening effect. Measurements have been performed in an operating factory environment at 3.7 GHz with a co-located massive MIMO array and a unique randomly distributed array. Channel hardening can appear when the number of antennas is increased such that the variations of channel gain (small-scale fading) is decreased and it is here quantified. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the channel gains then becomes steeper and its tail is reduced. This CDF is modeled and the required fading margins are quantified. By deploying a distributed array, the large-scale power variations can also be reduced, further improving reliability. The large array in this rich scattering environment, creates a more reliable channel as it approaches an independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) complex Gaussian channel, indicating that one can rethink the system design in terms of e.g. channel coding and re-transmission strategies, in order to reduce latency. To conclude, massive MIMO is a highly interesting technology for reliable connectivity in reflective and heavily shadowed industrial environments.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
epub
subject
keywords
Antenna arrays, Antenna measurements, Antennas, Channel characterization, Fading channels, Industry 4.0, massive MIMO, Massive MIMO, Tail, Ultra reliable low latency communication, URLLC
in
IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation
publisher
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
external identifiers
  • scopus:85190351341
ISSN
2637-6431
DOI
10.1109/OJAP.2024.3388327
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
f8f59af4-1fcb-4af5-929e-f367ff0fab74
date added to LUP
2024-04-30 08:15:58
date last changed
2024-04-30 08:16:14
@article{f8f59af4-1fcb-4af5-929e-f367ff0fab74,
  abstract     = {{<p>One of the required communication solutions to support novel use cases, e.g. in industrial environments, for 5G systems and beyond is ultra-reliability low-latency communication (URLLC). An enabling technology for URLLC is massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), which with its large antenna arrays can increase reliability due to improved user separation, array gain and the channel hardening effect. Measurements have been performed in an operating factory environment at 3.7 GHz with a co-located massive MIMO array and a unique randomly distributed array. Channel hardening can appear when the number of antennas is increased such that the variations of channel gain (small-scale fading) is decreased and it is here quantified. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the channel gains then becomes steeper and its tail is reduced. This CDF is modeled and the required fading margins are quantified. By deploying a distributed array, the large-scale power variations can also be reduced, further improving reliability. The large array in this rich scattering environment, creates a more reliable channel as it approaches an independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) complex Gaussian channel, indicating that one can rethink the system design in terms of e.g. channel coding and re-transmission strategies, in order to reduce latency. To conclude, massive MIMO is a highly interesting technology for reliable connectivity in reflective and heavily shadowed industrial environments.</p>}},
  author       = {{Willhammar, Sara and Perre, Liesbet Van Der and Tufvesson, Fredrik}},
  issn         = {{2637-6431}},
  keywords     = {{Antenna arrays; Antenna measurements; Antennas; Channel characterization; Fading channels; Industry 4.0; massive MIMO; Massive MIMO; Tail; Ultra reliable low latency communication; URLLC}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}},
  series       = {{IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation}},
  title        = {{Fading in Reflective and Heavily Shadowed Industrial Environments With Large Antenna Arrays}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3388327}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/OJAP.2024.3388327}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}