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”Det funkar i praktiken” Konkursförvaltares syn på behovet av lagreglering av abandonering

Bakhuizen, Tuva LU (2025) LAGF03 20252
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract
This essay examines bankruptcy trustees’ ability to abandon assets in bankruptcy (UK: disclaimer of onerous property) and how this is handled in practice. In this context, abandonment means that a trustee decides not to manage certain assets belonging to the bankruptcy estate and instead returns them to the debtor. There is no explicit statutory regulation of abandonment in Swedish law, but the practice has been recognised in case law, most nota-bly in NJA 2004 s. 777. At the same time, legal scholars have described abandonment as being based on uncertain legal grounds and, in some ways, as problematic. The aim of this essay is therefore to explore how trustees use abandonment in practice and how they view the need for statutory... (More)
This essay examines bankruptcy trustees’ ability to abandon assets in bankruptcy (UK: disclaimer of onerous property) and how this is handled in practice. In this context, abandonment means that a trustee decides not to manage certain assets belonging to the bankruptcy estate and instead returns them to the debtor. There is no explicit statutory regulation of abandonment in Swedish law, but the practice has been recognised in case law, most nota-bly in NJA 2004 s. 777. At the same time, legal scholars have described abandonment as being based on uncertain legal grounds and, in some ways, as problematic. The aim of this essay is therefore to explore how trustees use abandonment in practice and how they view the need for statutory regulation.

The essay combines a legal doctrinal method with semistructured interviews with seven bankruptcy trustees. The doctrinally based part of the essay shows that although abandonment is established in case law, its legal consequences are not fully clarified. In particular, bankruptcies involving environmental issues are repeatedly pointed out as especially challenging. In the legal literature, from authors such as Gregow, Håstad, Möller and Mellqvist, recurring criticism is directed at the lack of regulation, and several authors argue for clearer legislation.

The interviews, however, present a somewhat different picture. The trustees describe abandonment as an established and generally well-functioning tool in their daily work. It is often used for property of low or negative value and often without formal abandonment decisions or specific documentation. According to the trustees, the problems discussed in the literature rarely arise in practice. The majority of the interviewed trustees are therefore against a general legislation, arguing that it could increase administrative work and reduce flexibility, which could ultimately harm the creditors.

At the same time, even trustees who are critical of regulation identify environmental bankruptcies and the abandonment of real estate as particularly tricky situations. In these cases, the law feels unclear, and some trustees support having clearer rules or more guiding case law.

Overall, the essay demonstrates a gap between the issues emphasised in the literature and the experiences of bankruptcy trustees in practice. While the literature largely focuses on potential risks and legal uncertainties, the trustees adopt a more pragmatic view, viewing abandonment mainly as a necessary and functional tool. By highlighting this practical perspective, the essay contributes to a more nuanced discussion of abandonment and the need for legislation. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Uppsatsen behandlar frågan om konkursförvaltares möjlighet att abandonera egendom i en konkurs samt hur detta institut används i praktiken. Med abandonering avses att konkursförvaltaren avstår från att hantera viss egendom som tillhör konkursboet och i stället överlämnar egendomen till gäldenären. Abandonering saknar uttrycklig lagreglering men har fastslagits i rättspraxis, framför allt genom NJA 2004 s. 777. Samtidigt har abandonering i doktrinen beskrivits som vilande på en osäker grund och i vissa avseenden problematisk. Mot denna bakgrund är syftet med uppsatsen att belysa hur konkursförvaltare i praktiken använder abandonering och hur de ser på behovet av en lagreglering.

Uppsatsen bygger på en kombination av rättsdogmatisk metod... (More)
Uppsatsen behandlar frågan om konkursförvaltares möjlighet att abandonera egendom i en konkurs samt hur detta institut används i praktiken. Med abandonering avses att konkursförvaltaren avstår från att hantera viss egendom som tillhör konkursboet och i stället överlämnar egendomen till gäldenären. Abandonering saknar uttrycklig lagreglering men har fastslagits i rättspraxis, framför allt genom NJA 2004 s. 777. Samtidigt har abandonering i doktrinen beskrivits som vilande på en osäker grund och i vissa avseenden problematisk. Mot denna bakgrund är syftet med uppsatsen att belysa hur konkursförvaltare i praktiken använder abandonering och hur de ser på behovet av en lagreglering.

Uppsatsen bygger på en kombination av rättsdogmatisk metod och semistrukturerade samtalsintervjuer med sju konkursförvaltare. Den rättsdogmatiska genomgången visar att abandonering är fastslagen i praxis, men att dess rättsliga verkningar inte är fullt klargjorda. Särskilt konkurser med miljörättslig koppling lyfts fram som ett problemområde. I doktrinen, bland annat hos Gregow, Håstad, Möller och Mellqvist, framförs återkommande kritik mot den oreglerade ordningen och flera författare förespråkar en förtydligande lagstiftning.

Intervjuerna med konkursförvaltare ger emellertid delvis en annan bild. För-valtarna beskriver abandonering som ett etablerat och i huvudsak fungerande arbetsverktyg. Abandonering används regelbundet, främst i relation till lös egendom av lågt eller negativt värde, och ofta krävs inga uttryckliga abandoneringsförklaringar eller någon dokumentation. Förvaltarna framhåller att de problem som lyfts i doktrinen sällan aktualiseras i praktiken. Majoriteten av de intervjuade är därför negativt inställda till en generell lagreglering och menar att en sådan riskerar att leda till ökad administration, vilket i slutändan kan missgynna borgenärskollektivet.

Samtidigt framkommer att även de förvaltare som är negativa till en lagstiftning upplever miljörelaterade konkurser och abandonering av fast egendom som särskilt svårhanterliga. I dessa situationer upplevs rättsläget som oklart och några av förvaltarna uttrycker stöd för en reglering eller en tydligare praxis.

Sammantaget visar uppsatsen på en tydlig skillnad mellan diskussionen om abandonering i doktrinen och konkursförvaltarnas praktiska erfarenheter. Medan doktrinen i stor utsträckning fokuserar på potentiella problem så präglas förvaltarnas syn av ett pragmatiskt förhållningssätt, där abandonering främst ses som ett nödvändigt och fungerande verktyg. Uppsatsen bidrar därmed med ett praktiskt perspektiv till diskussionen om abandonering och nyanserar bilden av behovet av lagreglering. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Bakhuizen, Tuva LU
supervisor
organization
course
LAGF03 20252
year
type
M2 - Bachelor Degree
subject
keywords
sakrätt, konkursrätt, abandonering, konkursförvaltare, konkursbo, lagreglering, miljörätt, SOU 2010:2, NJA 2004 s.777, MÖD 2015:19, intervjuer
language
Swedish
id
9217106
date added to LUP
2026-02-09 14:27:28
date last changed
2026-02-09 14:27:28
@misc{9217106,
  abstract     = {{This essay examines bankruptcy trustees’ ability to abandon assets in bankruptcy (UK: disclaimer of onerous property) and how this is handled in practice. In this context, abandonment means that a trustee decides not to manage certain assets belonging to the bankruptcy estate and instead returns them to the debtor. There is no explicit statutory regulation of abandonment in Swedish law, but the practice has been recognised in case law, most nota-bly in NJA 2004 s. 777. At the same time, legal scholars have described abandonment as being based on uncertain legal grounds and, in some ways, as problematic. The aim of this essay is therefore to explore how trustees use abandonment in practice and how they view the need for statutory regulation.

The essay combines a legal doctrinal method with semistructured interviews with seven bankruptcy trustees. The doctrinally based part of the essay shows that although abandonment is established in case law, its legal consequences are not fully clarified. In particular, bankruptcies involving environmental issues are repeatedly pointed out as especially challenging. In the legal literature, from authors such as Gregow, Håstad, Möller and Mellqvist, recurring criticism is directed at the lack of regulation, and several authors argue for clearer legislation.

The interviews, however, present a somewhat different picture. The trustees describe abandonment as an established and generally well-functioning tool in their daily work. It is often used for property of low or negative value and often without formal abandonment decisions or specific documentation. According to the trustees, the problems discussed in the literature rarely arise in practice. The majority of the interviewed trustees are therefore against a general legislation, arguing that it could increase administrative work and reduce flexibility, which could ultimately harm the creditors.

At the same time, even trustees who are critical of regulation identify environmental bankruptcies and the abandonment of real estate as particularly tricky situations. In these cases, the law feels unclear, and some trustees support having clearer rules or more guiding case law.

Overall, the essay demonstrates a gap between the issues emphasised in the literature and the experiences of bankruptcy trustees in practice. While the literature largely focuses on potential risks and legal uncertainties, the trustees adopt a more pragmatic view, viewing abandonment mainly as a necessary and functional tool. By highlighting this practical perspective, the essay contributes to a more nuanced discussion of abandonment and the need for legislation.}},
  author       = {{Bakhuizen, Tuva}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{”Det funkar i praktiken” Konkursförvaltares syn på behovet av lagreglering av abandonering}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}