Varumärkets ensamrätt i konflikt med yttrandefriheten
(2026) JURM02 20261Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- Denna uppsats behandlar konflikten mellan varumärkesrättens ensamrätt och yttrandefriheten inom EU-rätten. Detta görs med särskilt fokus på hur begreppet skälig anledning ska tolkas när ett känt varumärke används av tredje man för att uttrycka politiska och/eller parodiska budskap. Bakgrunden till uppsatsen är det ännu ej avgjorda målet C-298/23 IKEA mot Vlaams Belang där det belgiska par-tiet Vlaams Belang använt IKEA:s kännetecken i samband med en politisk kam-panj. IKEA hävdade att detta utgjorde ett varumärkesintrång medan Vlaams Belang invände att användningen skyddades av yttrandefriheten.
Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera hur artikel 9(2)(c) i varumärkesdirektivet och artikel 10(2)(c) i varumärkesförordningen bör tolkas när... (More) - Denna uppsats behandlar konflikten mellan varumärkesrättens ensamrätt och yttrandefriheten inom EU-rätten. Detta görs med särskilt fokus på hur begreppet skälig anledning ska tolkas när ett känt varumärke används av tredje man för att uttrycka politiska och/eller parodiska budskap. Bakgrunden till uppsatsen är det ännu ej avgjorda målet C-298/23 IKEA mot Vlaams Belang där det belgiska par-tiet Vlaams Belang använt IKEA:s kännetecken i samband med en politisk kam-panj. IKEA hävdade att detta utgjorde ett varumärkesintrång medan Vlaams Belang invände att användningen skyddades av yttrandefriheten.
Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera hur artikel 9(2)(c) i varumärkesdirektivet och artikel 10(2)(c) i varumärkesförordningen bör tolkas när yttrandefrihet åberopas som skälig anledning, samt hur avvägningen bör göras mellan tredje mans yttrandefrihet och varumärkesinnehavarens egendomsskydd i sådana situationer. Den huvudsakliga utredningen fokuserar på att granska de grundläggande rättigheterna som står i konflikt med varandra samt relevanta delar av den unionsrättsliga varumärkesrätten. Detta sker genom beaktande av praxis, doktrin och andra EU-rättsliga källor.
Uppsatsen visar att begreppet skälig anledning bör fungera som en mekanism för att beakta yttrandefriheten inom varumärkesrätten, men att ytterligare vägledning från EU-domstolen krävs för att tydliggöra vilka omständigheter som ska tillmätas betydelse vid bedömningen. I avsaknad av sådan vägledning drar uppsatsen slutsatsen att det starka skydd som tillkommer politiska yttranden bör tillmätas särskild vikt vid avvägningen mellan yttrandefriheten och egendomsskyddet. Mot denna bakgrund talar övervägande skäl för att den användning som aktualiserats i målet mellan IKEA och Vlaams Belang bör anses tillåten, och att detta generellt torde vara fallet vid politiskt och/eller parodisk användning av kända varumärken. (Less) - Abstract
- This thesis examines the conflict between the exclusive rights conferred by trade-mark law and the right to freedom of expression within the framework of EU law. The analysis focuses in particular on how the concept of due cause should be in-terpreted when a well known trademark is used by a third party for the purpose of conveying political and/or parodic messages. The background to the thesis is the still pending case C 298/23, IKEA v. Vlaams Belang, in which the Belgian polit-ical party Vlaams Belang used IKEA’s signs in connection with a political cam-paign. IKEA argued that this constituted trademark infringement, whereas Vlaams Belang maintained that the use was protected by the right to freedom of expression.
The aim of the... (More) - This thesis examines the conflict between the exclusive rights conferred by trade-mark law and the right to freedom of expression within the framework of EU law. The analysis focuses in particular on how the concept of due cause should be in-terpreted when a well known trademark is used by a third party for the purpose of conveying political and/or parodic messages. The background to the thesis is the still pending case C 298/23, IKEA v. Vlaams Belang, in which the Belgian polit-ical party Vlaams Belang used IKEA’s signs in connection with a political cam-paign. IKEA argued that this constituted trademark infringement, whereas Vlaams Belang maintained that the use was protected by the right to freedom of expression.
The aim of the thesis is to analyse how Article 9(2)(c) of the Trade Mark Directive and Article 10(2)(c) of the Trade Mark Regulation ought to be interpreted when freedom of expression is invoked as due cause, and how the balancing should be conducted between the third party’s freedom of expression and the trademark proprietor’s right to property in such circumstances. The principal analysis exam-ines the fundamental rights that come into conflict, as well as the relevant aspects of EU trademark law. This is undertaken through consideration of case law, legal literature, and other EU law sources.
The thesis demonstrates that the concept of due cause should function as a mechanism for incorporating freedom of expression into trademark law, but that further guidance from the Court of Justice is required to clarify which factors should be accorded weight in the assessment. In the absence of such guidance, the thesis concludes that the strong protection afforded to political expression should be given particular significance in the balancing between freedom of expression and the right to property. Against this background, the prevailing considerations indicate that the use at issue in the dispute between IKEA and Vlaams Belang ought to be regarded as permissible, and that this in general should be the case with political and/or parodical use of well-known trademarks. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9226944
- author
- Karlzén, Frida LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- The Conflict Between Trademark Exclusivity and Freedom of Expression
- course
- JURM02 20261
- year
- 2026
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- EU-rätt, Immaterialrätt, Varumärkesrätt, Yttrandefrihet
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9226944
- date added to LUP
- 2026-06-08 13:25:55
- date last changed
- 2026-06-08 13:25:55
@misc{9226944,
abstract = {{This thesis examines the conflict between the exclusive rights conferred by trade-mark law and the right to freedom of expression within the framework of EU law. The analysis focuses in particular on how the concept of due cause should be in-terpreted when a well known trademark is used by a third party for the purpose of conveying political and/or parodic messages. The background to the thesis is the still pending case C 298/23, IKEA v. Vlaams Belang, in which the Belgian polit-ical party Vlaams Belang used IKEA’s signs in connection with a political cam-paign. IKEA argued that this constituted trademark infringement, whereas Vlaams Belang maintained that the use was protected by the right to freedom of expression.
The aim of the thesis is to analyse how Article 9(2)(c) of the Trade Mark Directive and Article 10(2)(c) of the Trade Mark Regulation ought to be interpreted when freedom of expression is invoked as due cause, and how the balancing should be conducted between the third party’s freedom of expression and the trademark proprietor’s right to property in such circumstances. The principal analysis exam-ines the fundamental rights that come into conflict, as well as the relevant aspects of EU trademark law. This is undertaken through consideration of case law, legal literature, and other EU law sources.
The thesis demonstrates that the concept of due cause should function as a mechanism for incorporating freedom of expression into trademark law, but that further guidance from the Court of Justice is required to clarify which factors should be accorded weight in the assessment. In the absence of such guidance, the thesis concludes that the strong protection afforded to political expression should be given particular significance in the balancing between freedom of expression and the right to property. Against this background, the prevailing considerations indicate that the use at issue in the dispute between IKEA and Vlaams Belang ought to be regarded as permissible, and that this in general should be the case with political and/or parodical use of well-known trademarks.}},
author = {{Karlzén, Frida}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Varumärkets ensamrätt i konflikt med yttrandefriheten}},
year = {{2026}},
}