Den som väntar på något gott väntar alltid för länge? - En effektanalys av den särskilda avgiften och det (o)skäliga dröjsmålet i LSS
(2026) JURM02 20261Department of Law
Faculty of Law
- Abstract (Swedish)
- I början av 1990-talet genomfördes en reform på vårdnadsområdet för personer med funktionsnedsättning, den s.k. LSS-reformen. Avsikten var att lagen (1993:387) om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade skulle ge dessa personer bättre möjligheter att leva sina liv på samma sätt och på lika villkor som personer utan funktionsnedsättning. Lagen har därför utformats som en rättighetslagstiftning, bestående av tio särskilda insatser genom vilka personkretsen ska tillförsäkras goda levnadsvillkor. En person som omfattas av lagens personkrets ska alltså kunna vända sig till sin kommunala socialnämnd och ansöka om att beviljas en insats som personen är i behov av. Beviljas ansökan börjar det gynnande insatsbeslutet att gälla omedelbart,... (More)
- I början av 1990-talet genomfördes en reform på vårdnadsområdet för personer med funktionsnedsättning, den s.k. LSS-reformen. Avsikten var att lagen (1993:387) om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade skulle ge dessa personer bättre möjligheter att leva sina liv på samma sätt och på lika villkor som personer utan funktionsnedsättning. Lagen har därför utformats som en rättighetslagstiftning, bestående av tio särskilda insatser genom vilka personkretsen ska tillförsäkras goda levnadsvillkor. En person som omfattas av lagens personkrets ska alltså kunna vända sig till sin kommunala socialnämnd och ansöka om att beviljas en insats som personen är i behov av. Beviljas ansökan börjar det gynnande insatsbeslutet att gälla omedelbart, varför det i princip även ska verkställas omedelbart. Den omedelbara verkställigheten har dock visat sig vara något av en idealisk normföreställning.
Redan vid lagens tillkomst hade nämligen uppmärksammats ett fenomen som förhindrade de särskilda insatsernas fulla genomslag. Då enskilda hade förklarats ha rätt till sökta insatser efter förvaltningsbesvär befanns prov på situationer att kommuner trots allt inte rättade sig efter domstolars avgöranden: så kallat kommunalt domstolstrots. De enskilda hade alltså beviljats insatser men kommunerna dröjde av olika anledningar med att tillhandahålla desamma. För att råda bot på detta rättsstridiga beteende och för att påtvinga verkställighet prövades flera olika system, bland annat enligt utsökningsbalken (1981:774) och enligt lagen (1985:206) om viten. I början av 2000-talet var problemet dock så pass vidsträckt att en regelrätt sanktionsavgift behövde inrättas: den ”särskilda avgiften”. Avgiftens utdömande bygger på den grundläggande premissen att beviljade insatser ska tillhandahållas inom skälig tid och utan något oskäligt dröjsmål. Några år efter avgiftens inrättande vidgades densamma till att även omfatta situationer av så kallat kommunalt lagtrots, det vill säga då kommuner dröjer med att verkställa även sina egna gynnande insatsbeslut.
I den här uppsatsen görs en effektanalys av den särskilda avgiften. Inledningsvis kartläggs den tilltänkta rättighetskonstruktionen i LSS. Därefter undersöks den särskilda avgiftens rättsliga beståndsdelar, vilka analyseras i förhållande till bestämmelsens grundläggande rekvisit: bedömningen av skälig tid. Resultatet analyseras därefter i förhållande till en empirisk undersökning av hur avgiften har tillämpats i samtliga mål om särskild avgift vid Förvaltningsrätten i Göteborg under perioden 2021–2025. Avslutningsvis problematiseras uppsatsens konstateranden i förhållande till den övergripande frågeställningen: föreligger det en diskrepans mellan den särskilda avgiftens rättsliga uppbyggnad och praktiska tillämpning, och vilka blir i så fall effekterna för de berörda aktörerna?
Utan att gå händelserna i förväg kan redan nu sägas att avgiftens tilltänkta effekt inte har varit helt övertygande, då huvudregeln om omedelbar verkställighet nu har förskjutits till ett genomsnittligt (o)skäligt dröjsmål om 16 månader. En förändring är därför påkallad, men till skillnad från tidigare förslag menar författaren att lösningen snarare står att finna i avgiftens repressiva inslag. (Less) - Abstract
- In the early 1990s, Sweden undertook a major reform of care and support services for persons with disabilities: the so-called LSS reform. The aim of the Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments (1993:387) was to give such individuals better opportunities to live their lives on equal terms as persons without disabilities. The Act has therefore been designed as rights-based legislation, consisting of ten specific forms of support intended to guarantee good living conditions for those within the statutory target group. A person covered by the Act can thus apply to the municipal social welfare committee for a support measure that he or she needs. If granted, the favorable administrative decision takes... (More)
- In the early 1990s, Sweden undertook a major reform of care and support services for persons with disabilities: the so-called LSS reform. The aim of the Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments (1993:387) was to give such individuals better opportunities to live their lives on equal terms as persons without disabilities. The Act has therefore been designed as rights-based legislation, consisting of ten specific forms of support intended to guarantee good living conditions for those within the statutory target group. A person covered by the Act can thus apply to the municipal social welfare committee for a support measure that he or she needs. If granted, the favorable administrative decision takes immediate effect and should thus, in principle, be implemented without delay. In practice, however, immediate implementation has proven to be more of an aspirational norm than a legal reality.
Already at the time of the Act’s enactment, it had become apparent that municipalities did not always comply with court rulings concerning granted support measures. Individuals who had successfully appealed administrative decisions and been declared entitled to support could nevertheless experience delays in implementation – a phenomenon commonly referred to as municipal defiance of court judgements. To address this unlawful practice, several enforcement mechanisms were tested, including measures under the Enforcement Code (1981:774) and the Act on Penalty Fines (1985:206). By the early 2000s, however, the problem had become sufficiently widespread for a dedicated administrative sanction to be introduced: the “special fee”. The sanction is based on the premise that granted support measures must be provided within reasonable time. A few years after the fee’s enactment, its scope was expanded to include cases where municipalities delay implementation of their own favorable administrative decisions – so-called municipal defiance of statutory obligations.
This thesis conducts an impact analysis of the special fee. It begins by mapping the intended rights structure of the LSS framework. It then examines the fee’s legal components, which are analyzed in relation to the provision’s central criterion: the assessment of reasonable time. The findings are subsequently analyzed in relation to the results of an empirical study of all cases concerning the special fee decided by the Administrative Court in Gothenburg between 2021 and 2025. Finally, the thesis problematizes its conclusions in light of the overarching research question: is there a discrepancy between the legal structure of the special fee and its practical application, and if so, what effects does this have on the actors concerned?
Without anticipating the conclusions in full, it may already be stated that the fee’s intended effect has not been entirely convincing. The principal rule of immediate implementation has gradually shifted into an average (un)reasonable delay of sixteen months. A change is therefore warranted, and the author argues that the solution lies primarily in adjusting the sanction’s punitive dimension. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9226946
- author
- Karlsson, David LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Good things come to those who wait? - An impact analysis of the special fee and the (un)reasonable delay in LSS
- course
- JURM02 20261
- year
- 2026
- type
- H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
- subject
- keywords
- förvaltningsrätt, förvaltningsprocessrätt, socialrätt, LSS, särskild avgift, skälig tid
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9226946
- date added to LUP
- 2026-06-05 09:54:59
- date last changed
- 2026-06-05 09:54:59
@misc{9226946,
abstract = {{In the early 1990s, Sweden undertook a major reform of care and support services for persons with disabilities: the so-called LSS reform. The aim of the Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments (1993:387) was to give such individuals better opportunities to live their lives on equal terms as persons without disabilities. The Act has therefore been designed as rights-based legislation, consisting of ten specific forms of support intended to guarantee good living conditions for those within the statutory target group. A person covered by the Act can thus apply to the municipal social welfare committee for a support measure that he or she needs. If granted, the favorable administrative decision takes immediate effect and should thus, in principle, be implemented without delay. In practice, however, immediate implementation has proven to be more of an aspirational norm than a legal reality.
Already at the time of the Act’s enactment, it had become apparent that municipalities did not always comply with court rulings concerning granted support measures. Individuals who had successfully appealed administrative decisions and been declared entitled to support could nevertheless experience delays in implementation – a phenomenon commonly referred to as municipal defiance of court judgements. To address this unlawful practice, several enforcement mechanisms were tested, including measures under the Enforcement Code (1981:774) and the Act on Penalty Fines (1985:206). By the early 2000s, however, the problem had become sufficiently widespread for a dedicated administrative sanction to be introduced: the “special fee”. The sanction is based on the premise that granted support measures must be provided within reasonable time. A few years after the fee’s enactment, its scope was expanded to include cases where municipalities delay implementation of their own favorable administrative decisions – so-called municipal defiance of statutory obligations.
This thesis conducts an impact analysis of the special fee. It begins by mapping the intended rights structure of the LSS framework. It then examines the fee’s legal components, which are analyzed in relation to the provision’s central criterion: the assessment of reasonable time. The findings are subsequently analyzed in relation to the results of an empirical study of all cases concerning the special fee decided by the Administrative Court in Gothenburg between 2021 and 2025. Finally, the thesis problematizes its conclusions in light of the overarching research question: is there a discrepancy between the legal structure of the special fee and its practical application, and if so, what effects does this have on the actors concerned?
Without anticipating the conclusions in full, it may already be stated that the fee’s intended effect has not been entirely convincing. The principal rule of immediate implementation has gradually shifted into an average (un)reasonable delay of sixteen months. A change is therefore warranted, and the author argues that the solution lies primarily in adjusting the sanction’s punitive dimension.}},
author = {{Karlsson, David}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Den som väntar på något gott väntar alltid för länge? - En effektanalys av den särskilda avgiften och det (o)skäliga dröjsmålet i LSS}},
year = {{2026}},
}