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Kontakt med fiktiva barn i sexuellt syfte – Om tidigarelagt straffansvar och kriminaliseringens legitimitet

Skarp, Rasmus LU (2026) JURM02 20261
Department of Law
Faculty of Law
Abstract (Swedish)
Under senare år har situationer uppmärksammats där vuxna personer via internet kontaktat personer som de uppfattat som barn i sexuellt syfte, men där motparten i själva verket varit en vuxen person, ofta bakom en profil tillhörande ett fiktivt barn. Sådana situationer aktualiserar frågan om straffrätten bör ingripa mot ett handlande som framstår som klandervärt och typiskt sett syftar till sexuella övergrepp mot barn, trots att något verkligt barn inte har utsatts för kontakten. I svensk rätt är kontakt för att träffa ett barn i sexuellt syfte kriminaliserat genom 6 kap. 10 a § brottsbalken (BrB), men bestämmelsen förutsätter att kontakten avser ett verkligt barn och försök till kontaktbrottet är inte kriminaliserat.

Uppsatsens syfte är... (More)
Under senare år har situationer uppmärksammats där vuxna personer via internet kontaktat personer som de uppfattat som barn i sexuellt syfte, men där motparten i själva verket varit en vuxen person, ofta bakom en profil tillhörande ett fiktivt barn. Sådana situationer aktualiserar frågan om straffrätten bör ingripa mot ett handlande som framstår som klandervärt och typiskt sett syftar till sexuella övergrepp mot barn, trots att något verkligt barn inte har utsatts för kontakten. I svensk rätt är kontakt för att träffa ett barn i sexuellt syfte kriminaliserat genom 6 kap. 10 a § brottsbalken (BrB), men bestämmelsen förutsätter att kontakten avser ett verkligt barn och försök till kontaktbrottet är inte kriminaliserat.

Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera om och i vilken utsträckning ett straffansvar för kontakt med fiktiva barn i sexuellt syfte kan motiveras i svensk rätt. Med tillämpning av en rättsdogmatisk metod behandlas kontaktbrottet, försöksansvaret och grundläggande frågor om kriminaliseringens legitimitet. Uppsatsen tar sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i spänningen mellan ett skyddsperspektiv för barn och straffrättens krav på legitimitet, restriktivitet och koherens i straffsystemet.

I uppsatsen konstateras att kontakt med fiktiva barn i sexuellt syfte inte omfattas av kontaktbrottets nuvarande utformning, eftersom bestämmelsen förutsätter att kontakten riktas mot ett verkligt barn. Inte heller försöksansvaret erbjuder någon tydlig lösning. Försök till kontaktbrottet är inte kriminaliserat och även om ett sådant försöksansvar skulle införas framstår rena fiktiva barn-fall som svåra att inordna under försöksansvaret, eftersom brottet aldrig har kunnat fullbordas.

Uppsatsen visar att ett straffansvar för kontakt med fiktiva barn i sexuellt syfte kan motiveras utifrån vissa kriminaliseringsteoretiska utgångspunkter, men endast med betydande begränsningar. Barns hälsa, sexuella integritet och skydd mot sexuella övergrepp utgör starka skyddsintressen. Samtidigt saknas ett konkret barn, konkret offerskada och konkret fara. En kriminalisering måste därför främst motiveras genom abstrakt eller presumerad fara samt genom gärningspersonens visade beredskap att etablera sexuell kontakt med någon som denne uppfattar som barn. Avståndet till den skada som ytterst ska förebyggas blir därmed större än vid kontaktbrottet, vilket ställer höga krav på att kriminaliseringen avgränsas tydligt och underbyggs noggrant.

Uppsatsens slutsats är att ett straffansvar för kontakt med fiktiva barn i sexuellt syfte är möjligt att motivera i svensk rätt, men endast som ett undantagsvis godtagbart och tydligt avgränsat förfältsdelikt. Det bör inte förstås som en självklar följd av kontaktbrottet och inte heller lösas genom en generell utvidgning av försöksansvaret, eftersom detta riskerar att rubba försökslärans koherens. Om lagstiftaren anser att beteendet bör omfattas av straffansvar framstår en självständig och noggrant avgränsad straffbestämmelse som mer systematiskt konsekvent. Frågan illustrerar därmed ett svårt lagstiftningsproblem: även om beteendet kan uppfattas som klandervärt och tala för ett behov av kriminalisering, är det straffrättsligt svårt att kriminalisera det utan att rubba grundläggande krav på legitimitet, restriktivitet och koherens. (Less)
Abstract
In recent years, situations have attracted attention in which adults have contacted persons online whom they believed to be children for sexual purposes, but where the other party was in fact an adult, often behind a profile belonging to a fictitious child. Such situations raise the question of whether criminal law should intervene against conduct that appears blameworthy and is typically aimed at sexual offences against children, even though no real child has been exposed to the contact. Under Swedish law, contact for the purpose of meeting a child for sexual purposes is criminalised in Chapter 6, Section 10 a of the Swedish Criminal Code. However, the provision presupposes that the contact concerns a real child, and attempt to commit the... (More)
In recent years, situations have attracted attention in which adults have contacted persons online whom they believed to be children for sexual purposes, but where the other party was in fact an adult, often behind a profile belonging to a fictitious child. Such situations raise the question of whether criminal law should intervene against conduct that appears blameworthy and is typically aimed at sexual offences against children, even though no real child has been exposed to the contact. Under Swedish law, contact for the purpose of meeting a child for sexual purposes is criminalised in Chapter 6, Section 10 a of the Swedish Criminal Code. However, the provision presupposes that the contact concerns a real child, and attempt to commit the contact offence is not criminalised.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse whether, and to what extent, criminal liability for contact with fictitious children for sexual purposes can be justified under Swedish law. Applying a legal dogmatic method, the thesis examines the contact offence, attempt liability, and fundamental questions concerning the legitimacy of criminalisation. The theoretical point of departure is the tension between a child-protection perspective and the requirements of legitimacy, restraint and coherence within the criminal law system.

The thesis finds that contact with fictitious children for sexual purposes does not fall within the current scope of the contact offence, since the provision requires that the contact be directed at a real child. Nor does attempt liability offer a clear solution. Attempt to commit the contact offence is not criminalised, and even if such attempt liability were introduced, pure fictitious-child cases appear difficult to bring within the scope of attempt liability, since the offence could never have been completed.

The thesis shows that criminal liability for contact with fictitious children for sexual purposes can be justified on the basis of certain criminalisation-theoretical considerations, but only subject to significant limitations. Children’s health, sexual integrity and protection against sexual offences constitute strong protected interests. At the same time, in fictitious-child cases there is no concrete child, no concrete victim harm and no concrete danger. Criminalisation must therefore primarily be justified by reference to abstract or presumed danger, as well as by the perpetrator’s demonstrated readiness to establish sexual contact with someone perceived by them as a child. The distance to the harm ultimately intended to be prevented is therefore greater than in the case of the contact offence, which places high demands on the criminalisation being clearly delimited and carefully substantiated.

The conclusion of the thesis is that criminal liability for contact with fictitious children for sexual purposes can be justified under Swedish law, but only as an exceptionally acceptable and clearly delimited inchoate offence. It should not be understood as a natural consequence of the contact offence, nor should it be addressed through a general expansion of attempt liability, since this risks disturbing the coherence of the doctrine of attempt. If the legislature considers that the conduct should be subject to criminal liability, an independent and carefully delimited criminal provision appears more systematically coherent. The issue therefore illustrates a difficult legislative problem: although the conduct may be regarded as blameworthy and may indicate a need for criminalisation, it is difficult from a criminal law perspective to criminalise it without disturbing fundamental requirements of legitimacy, restraint and coherence. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
Skarp, Rasmus LU
supervisor
organization
alternative title
Contact with Fictitious Children for Sexual Purposes – On Early-Stage Criminal Liability and the Legitimacy of Criminalisation
course
JURM02 20261
year
type
H3 - Professional qualifications (4 Years - )
subject
keywords
straffrätt, rättsvetenskap, sexualbrott, kontaktbrottet, kontakt för att träffa ett barn i sexuellt syfte, grooming, försök till brott, försöksansvar, otjänliga försök, kriminalisering, kriminaliseringens legitimitet, förfältsdelikt, fiktiva barn
language
Swedish
id
9227778
date added to LUP
2026-06-08 08:53:41
date last changed
2026-06-08 08:53:41
@misc{9227778,
  abstract     = {{In recent years, situations have attracted attention in which adults have contacted persons online whom they believed to be children for sexual purposes, but where the other party was in fact an adult, often behind a profile belonging to a fictitious child. Such situations raise the question of whether criminal law should intervene against conduct that appears blameworthy and is typically aimed at sexual offences against children, even though no real child has been exposed to the contact. Under Swedish law, contact for the purpose of meeting a child for sexual purposes is criminalised in Chapter 6, Section 10 a of the Swedish Criminal Code. However, the provision presupposes that the contact concerns a real child, and attempt to commit the contact offence is not criminalised.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse whether, and to what extent, criminal liability for contact with fictitious children for sexual purposes can be justified under Swedish law. Applying a legal dogmatic method, the thesis examines the contact offence, attempt liability, and fundamental questions concerning the legitimacy of criminalisation. The theoretical point of departure is the tension between a child-protection perspective and the requirements of legitimacy, restraint and coherence within the criminal law system.

The thesis finds that contact with fictitious children for sexual purposes does not fall within the current scope of the contact offence, since the provision requires that the contact be directed at a real child. Nor does attempt liability offer a clear solution. Attempt to commit the contact offence is not criminalised, and even if such attempt liability were introduced, pure fictitious-child cases appear difficult to bring within the scope of attempt liability, since the offence could never have been completed.

The thesis shows that criminal liability for contact with fictitious children for sexual purposes can be justified on the basis of certain criminalisation-theoretical considerations, but only subject to significant limitations. Children’s health, sexual integrity and protection against sexual offences constitute strong protected interests. At the same time, in fictitious-child cases there is no concrete child, no concrete victim harm and no concrete danger. Criminalisation must therefore primarily be justified by reference to abstract or presumed danger, as well as by the perpetrator’s demonstrated readiness to establish sexual contact with someone perceived by them as a child. The distance to the harm ultimately intended to be prevented is therefore greater than in the case of the contact offence, which places high demands on the criminalisation being clearly delimited and carefully substantiated.

The conclusion of the thesis is that criminal liability for contact with fictitious children for sexual purposes can be justified under Swedish law, but only as an exceptionally acceptable and clearly delimited inchoate offence. It should not be understood as a natural consequence of the contact offence, nor should it be addressed through a general expansion of attempt liability, since this risks disturbing the coherence of the doctrine of attempt. If the legislature considers that the conduct should be subject to criminal liability, an independent and carefully delimited criminal provision appears more systematically coherent. The issue therefore illustrates a difficult legislative problem: although the conduct may be regarded as blameworthy and may indicate a need for criminalisation, it is difficult from a criminal law perspective to criminalise it without disturbing fundamental requirements of legitimacy, restraint and coherence.}},
  author       = {{Skarp, Rasmus}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  note         = {{Student Paper}},
  title        = {{Kontakt med fiktiva barn i sexuellt syfte – Om tidigarelagt straffansvar och kriminaliseringens legitimitet}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}