GCM-stöd i urban miljö
(2026) VTVL01 20261Transport and Roads
- Abstract (Swedish)
- I takt med att städer växer och målen om ett mer hållbart transportsystem skärps, ökar behovet av att bygga ut attraktiv, säker och yteffektiv cykelinfrastruktur. I många städer, bland annat Malmö stad används gång-, cykel- och mopedstöd, GCM-stöd, som en relativt snabb och kostnadseffektiv metod för att skapa fysisk separation mellan cykeltrafik och motorfordonstrafik utan omfattande ombyggnad av gaturummet. Lösningen kan bidra till att cykelinfrastruktur byggs ut snabbare, men erfarenheter visar samtidigt att stöden i vissa trafikmiljöer kan förskjutas, skadas eller ge upphov till återkommande drift- och underhållsproblem. När stöden flyttas ur sitt läge försämras både separationens funktion, cyklisternas användbara utrymme och den... (More)
- I takt med att städer växer och målen om ett mer hållbart transportsystem skärps, ökar behovet av att bygga ut attraktiv, säker och yteffektiv cykelinfrastruktur. I många städer, bland annat Malmö stad används gång-, cykel- och mopedstöd, GCM-stöd, som en relativt snabb och kostnadseffektiv metod för att skapa fysisk separation mellan cykeltrafik och motorfordonstrafik utan omfattande ombyggnad av gaturummet. Lösningen kan bidra till att cykelinfrastruktur byggs ut snabbare, men erfarenheter visar samtidigt att stöden i vissa trafikmiljöer kan förskjutas, skadas eller ge upphov till återkommande drift- och underhållsproblem. När stöden flyttas ur sitt läge försämras både separationens funktion, cyklisternas användbara utrymme och den upplevda tryggheten.
Användningen av GCM-stöd i urban miljö har i detta arbete studerats med syftet att utreda under vilka förutsättningar stöden kan användas som en funktionell och långsiktigt hållbar separationslösning. Arbetet undersöker när GCM-stöd är en lämplig lösning, vilka placeringar som innebär större risk för bristande funktion samt hur stöden kan kompletteras eller utformas för att bättre uppfylla krav på trafiksäkerhet, drift och underhåll samt stadsmiljö. Studien behandlar även hur GCM-stöd förhåller sig till andra separationsåtgärder såsom vägmarkeringar av cykelfält och traditionella kantstöd med nivåskillnad.
Arbetet har genomförts genom en kombination av litteraturstudie, intervjustudie, fältstudie och kvantitativ informationsinsamling. Litteraturstudien har använts för att skapa en kunskapsgrund kring cykelinfrastruktur, fysisk separation, trafiksäkerhet samt drift och underhåll. Den empiriska delen bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer och personlig kommunikation med aktörer inom trafikplanering, gatuutformning och drift och underhåll, samt leverantörer. Därutöver har platser med GCM-stöd i Malmö studerats genom platsbesök, insamling av trafikdata, kundcenterärenden och olycksdata från Strada. För att belysa de ekonomiska aspekterna har en förenklad kostnadsjämförelse och break-even-analys genomförts.
Resultatet visar att GCM-stöd kan fylla en tydlig funktion i urbana miljöer, men att lösningen är starkt beroende av platsens förutsättningar. Stöden fungerar bäst i förutsägbara trafikmiljöer, framför allt på rakare sträckor med tillräcklig körbanebredd, begränsad tung trafik och få konfliktpunkter. I smala och komplexa trafikmiljöer, exempelvis korsningar, kurvor, utfarter, angöringsytor och platser med hög andel tung trafik, ökar risken för påkörningar och förskjutningar av stöden.
Studien visar också att synbarhet är en avgörande faktor för stödens funktion. Pollare, reflexer, linjemålning och kontrastmarkeringar bör därför inte enbart betraktas som kompletterande åtgärder, utan som en del av grundutformningen. Drift- och underhållsfrågor behöver också beaktas tidigt i planeringen, eftersom snö, is och avvattning, renhållning och återkommande reparationer kan påverka lösningens långsiktiga funktion.
Kostnadsjämförelsen visar att GCM-stöd har en lägre investeringskostnad än traditionella kantstöd med nivåskillnad, men en högre kostnad än enbart vägmarkering. Den låga investeringskostnaden kan vara en tydlig fördel på platser där stöden fungerar väl, men på platser med återkommande skador kan drift- och underhållskostnader minska den ekonomiska fördelen över tid. Val av separationsåtgärd bör därför inte enbart baseras på anläggningskostnad, utan även på platsens trafikmiljö, förväntad livslängd och behov av underhåll.
Rapportens viktigaste slutsatser är att GCM-stöd bör användas selektivt och platsanpassat, inte som en generell standardlösning. De är mest lämpliga på rakare sträckor med tillräcklig körbanebredd, begränsad tung trafik och få konfliktpunkter. I smala, komplexa eller högt belastade trafikmiljöer bör mer robusta och integrerade separationslösningar övervägas. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att GCM-stöd kan vara ett användbart verktyg för snabb utbyggnad av cykelinfrastruktur, men endast när lösningen används i rätt sammanhang och föregås av en platsanalys där trafikmiljö, körspår, cykelbanebredd, synbarhet, drift, underhåll och stadsmiljömässiga värden vägs samman. (Less) - Abstract
- As cities continue to grow and the objectives for a more sustainable transport system become increasingly important, there is a growing need to develop attractive, safe and space-efficient cycling infrastructure. In the City of Malmö, GCM-stöd is used as a relatively quick and cost-effective method for creating physical separation between cycle traffic and motor vehicle traffic without requiring extensive reconstruction of the street environment. GCM-stöd is a Swedish term referring to prefabricated concrete kerb elements used to separate pedestrian, bicycle and moped traffic from motor vehicle traffic, also known as light segregation. In this study, the focus is primarily on their use as a separation measure between cycle traffic and... (More)
- As cities continue to grow and the objectives for a more sustainable transport system become increasingly important, there is a growing need to develop attractive, safe and space-efficient cycling infrastructure. In the City of Malmö, GCM-stöd is used as a relatively quick and cost-effective method for creating physical separation between cycle traffic and motor vehicle traffic without requiring extensive reconstruction of the street environment. GCM-stöd is a Swedish term referring to prefabricated concrete kerb elements used to separate pedestrian, bicycle and moped traffic from motor vehicle traffic, also known as light segregation. In this study, the focus is primarily on their use as a separation measure between cycle traffic and motor vehicles.
The solution can contribute to a faster expansion of cycling infrastructure, but experience shows that GCM-stöd may, in certain traffic environments, become displaced, damaged or lead to recurring operation and maintenance issues. When the kerbs are moved out of position, the function of the separation, the usable space for cyclists and the perceived safety may all be negatively affected.
The use of GCM-stöd in urban environments has been studied in this report with the aim of investigating under which conditions the kerbs can be used as a functional and long-term sustainable separation measure. The report focuses on examining when GCM-stöd is an appropriate solution, which types of locations involve a greater risk of reduced functionality, and how the kerbs can be supplemented and designed to better meet requirements regarding traffic safety, operation and maintenance, and the urban environment. The study also examines how GCM-stöd compares with other separation measures, such as road markings for cycle lanes and traditional kerbs with a level difference.
The study has been carried out through a combination of a literature review, interviews, field studies and quantitative data collection. The literature review has been used to establish a knowledge base regarding cycling infrastructure, physical separation, traffic safety, and operation and maintenance. The empirical part is based on semi-structured interviews and personal communication with professionals working with traffic planning, street design, operation and maintenance, as well as suppliers. In addition, locations with GCM-stöd in Malmö have been studied through site visits, traffic data, customer service reports and accident data from Strada. To highlight the economic aspects, a simplified cost comparison and break-even analysis have been performed.
The results show that GCM-stöd can serve an important function in urban environments, but that their performance is highly dependent on the conditions of the specific location. The kerbs function best in predictable traffic environments, particularly on straighter sections with sufficient carriageway width, limited heavy traffic and few conflict points. In narrow and complex traffic environments, for example at intersections, curves, driveways, loading areas and locations with high proportion of heavy vehicles, the risk om impacts and displacement increases.
The study also shows that visibility is a crucial factor for the functionality of GCM-stöd. Bollards, reflectors, road markings and contrast markings should therefore not only be regarded as supplementary measures, but as part of the basic design. Operation and maintenance issues also need to be considered early in the planning process, since snow, ice, drainage, cleaning and recurring repairs can affect the long-term functionality of the solution.
The cost comparison shows that GCM-stöd has a lower investment cost than traditional kerbs with a level difference, but a higher cost than road markings alone. The low investment cost can be a clear advantage in locations where the kerbs function well, but in locations with recurring damage, operation and maintenance costs may reduce the economic benefit over time. The choice of separation should therefore not only be based on investment cost, but also on the traffic environment, expected service life and maintenance requirements of the location.
The main conclusions of the report are that GCM-stöd should be used selectively and adapted to the specific location, rather than as a general standard solution. They are most suitable in straighter sections with sufficient carriageway width, limited heavy traffic and few conflict points. In narrow, complex and heavily trafficked environments, more robust or integrated separation solutions should be considered. In summary, the study shows that GCM-stöd can be a useful tool for the rapid expansion of cycling infrastructure, but only when the solution is used in the right context and is preceded by a site specific analysis in which traffic, environment, vehicle swept paths, cycle path width, visibility, operations and maintenance, and urban design values are considered together. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9232173
- author
- Johansson, Felix LU
- supervisor
- organization
- alternative title
- Prefabricated cycle lane separators in urban environments
- course
- VTVL01 20261
- year
- 2026
- type
- M3 - Professional qualifications ( - 4 Years)
- subject
- keywords
- GCM-stöd, cykelinfrastruktur, fysisk separation, trafiksäkerhet, upplevd trygghet, drift och underhåll, kostnader.
- language
- Swedish
- id
- 9232173
- date added to LUP
- 2026-06-09 16:24:48
- date last changed
- 2026-06-09 16:26:53
@misc{9232173,
abstract = {{As cities continue to grow and the objectives for a more sustainable transport system become increasingly important, there is a growing need to develop attractive, safe and space-efficient cycling infrastructure. In the City of Malmö, GCM-stöd is used as a relatively quick and cost-effective method for creating physical separation between cycle traffic and motor vehicle traffic without requiring extensive reconstruction of the street environment. GCM-stöd is a Swedish term referring to prefabricated concrete kerb elements used to separate pedestrian, bicycle and moped traffic from motor vehicle traffic, also known as light segregation. In this study, the focus is primarily on their use as a separation measure between cycle traffic and motor vehicles.
The solution can contribute to a faster expansion of cycling infrastructure, but experience shows that GCM-stöd may, in certain traffic environments, become displaced, damaged or lead to recurring operation and maintenance issues. When the kerbs are moved out of position, the function of the separation, the usable space for cyclists and the perceived safety may all be negatively affected.
The use of GCM-stöd in urban environments has been studied in this report with the aim of investigating under which conditions the kerbs can be used as a functional and long-term sustainable separation measure. The report focuses on examining when GCM-stöd is an appropriate solution, which types of locations involve a greater risk of reduced functionality, and how the kerbs can be supplemented and designed to better meet requirements regarding traffic safety, operation and maintenance, and the urban environment. The study also examines how GCM-stöd compares with other separation measures, such as road markings for cycle lanes and traditional kerbs with a level difference.
The study has been carried out through a combination of a literature review, interviews, field studies and quantitative data collection. The literature review has been used to establish a knowledge base regarding cycling infrastructure, physical separation, traffic safety, and operation and maintenance. The empirical part is based on semi-structured interviews and personal communication with professionals working with traffic planning, street design, operation and maintenance, as well as suppliers. In addition, locations with GCM-stöd in Malmö have been studied through site visits, traffic data, customer service reports and accident data from Strada. To highlight the economic aspects, a simplified cost comparison and break-even analysis have been performed.
The results show that GCM-stöd can serve an important function in urban environments, but that their performance is highly dependent on the conditions of the specific location. The kerbs function best in predictable traffic environments, particularly on straighter sections with sufficient carriageway width, limited heavy traffic and few conflict points. In narrow and complex traffic environments, for example at intersections, curves, driveways, loading areas and locations with high proportion of heavy vehicles, the risk om impacts and displacement increases.
The study also shows that visibility is a crucial factor for the functionality of GCM-stöd. Bollards, reflectors, road markings and contrast markings should therefore not only be regarded as supplementary measures, but as part of the basic design. Operation and maintenance issues also need to be considered early in the planning process, since snow, ice, drainage, cleaning and recurring repairs can affect the long-term functionality of the solution.
The cost comparison shows that GCM-stöd has a lower investment cost than traditional kerbs with a level difference, but a higher cost than road markings alone. The low investment cost can be a clear advantage in locations where the kerbs function well, but in locations with recurring damage, operation and maintenance costs may reduce the economic benefit over time. The choice of separation should therefore not only be based on investment cost, but also on the traffic environment, expected service life and maintenance requirements of the location.
The main conclusions of the report are that GCM-stöd should be used selectively and adapted to the specific location, rather than as a general standard solution. They are most suitable in straighter sections with sufficient carriageway width, limited heavy traffic and few conflict points. In narrow, complex and heavily trafficked environments, more robust or integrated separation solutions should be considered. In summary, the study shows that GCM-stöd can be a useful tool for the rapid expansion of cycling infrastructure, but only when the solution is used in the right context and is preceded by a site specific analysis in which traffic, environment, vehicle swept paths, cycle path width, visibility, operations and maintenance, and urban design values are considered together.}},
author = {{Johansson, Felix}},
language = {{swe}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{GCM-stöd i urban miljö}},
year = {{2026}},
}