Decoding the Chemical Space of Degradable Dextran Microspheres
(2026) KASM05 20261Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Abstract
- Degradable dextran microspheres (DDMs) are promising materials with potential applications in drug delivery and medical devices due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and versatile properties. DDMs are produced through a water-in-oil emulsion in which an aqueous dextran solution is dispersed in an organic solvent containing an emulsifier. Addition of a crosslinker, such as epichlorohydrin (ECH), crosslinks the dextran chains within the droplets and microspheres are formed. Since the relationship between process parameters and microsphere properties are complex, a deeper understanding of the process is required in order to achieve robust and reproducible production while enabling control of microsphere properties.
The aim of... (More) - Degradable dextran microspheres (DDMs) are promising materials with potential applications in drug delivery and medical devices due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and versatile properties. DDMs are produced through a water-in-oil emulsion in which an aqueous dextran solution is dispersed in an organic solvent containing an emulsifier. Addition of a crosslinker, such as epichlorohydrin (ECH), crosslinks the dextran chains within the droplets and microspheres are formed. Since the relationship between process parameters and microsphere properties are complex, a deeper understanding of the process is required in order to achieve robust and reproducible production while enabling control of microsphere properties.
The aim of this project was to investigate how key process parameters influence the formation and properties of DDMs, by employing a design of experiments (DoE) approach. A full factorial experimental design was performed using the software MODDE to study the effects of dextran concentration, reaction temperature and ECH concentration on microsphere formation, particle size distribution (PSD), PSD span and swollen volume. An additional DoE was performed to investigate a region of the design space that produced elongated, non-spherical particles, focusing on the effects of temperature and stirring rate.
The results demonstrated that the DDM process is complex and contains several regions in which microspheres are not produced. Although none of the investigated factors or interaction terms were statistically significant according to the coefficient plot for the first DoE, experimental observations and contour plots still suggested that temperature and ECH concentration influenced microsphere properties. Increasing temperature generally increased particle size and swollen volume, while increasing ECH concentration decreased these responses. Possible interaction effects between temperature and ECH concentration were observed for PSD span and swollen volume. The experimental results also indicated that dextran concentration influences microsphere formation, where higher concentrations promoted microsphere formation and resulted in larger spheres.
Particle elongation and sphericity were strongly influenced by both temperature and stirring rate. Increasing the temperature generally reduced particle size and promoted the formation of smaller and more spherical particles. Similarly, increasing the stirring rate reduced particle size and resulted in more spherical particles. The results demonstrate that there is no distinct transition from elongated to spherical particles, the particle morphology can be tuned gradually by balancing temperature and stirring rate. In addition, the swollen volume was influenced by both factors, indicating a complex interaction between temperature and stirring rate depending on the region of the chemical space. (Less) - Popular Abstract (Swedish)
- Det kan verka oväntat att använda kolhydrater i medicintekniska produkter men kolhydrater som dextran är mycket lovande material eftersom de är både biokompatibla och biologiskt nedbrytbara. Ett exempel är nedbrytbara dextranmikrosfärer (DDMs), små sfäriska partiklar som kan användas inom flera medicinska tillämpningar, exempelvis vid embolisering för att strypa blodflödet till tumörer.
För att tillverka dextranmikrosfärer skapas en vatten-i-olja emulsion. En vattenbaserad dextranlösning droppas då ned i ett organiskt lösningsmedel som innehåller ett emulgeringsmedel under omrörning. Emulgeringsmedlet stabiliserar de små vattendropparna och genom tillsats av en tvärbindare, exempelvis epiklorhydrin (ECH), tvärbinds dextrankedjorna så... (More) - Det kan verka oväntat att använda kolhydrater i medicintekniska produkter men kolhydrater som dextran är mycket lovande material eftersom de är både biokompatibla och biologiskt nedbrytbara. Ett exempel är nedbrytbara dextranmikrosfärer (DDMs), små sfäriska partiklar som kan användas inom flera medicinska tillämpningar, exempelvis vid embolisering för att strypa blodflödet till tumörer.
För att tillverka dextranmikrosfärer skapas en vatten-i-olja emulsion. En vattenbaserad dextranlösning droppas då ned i ett organiskt lösningsmedel som innehåller ett emulgeringsmedel under omrörning. Emulgeringsmedlet stabiliserar de små vattendropparna och genom tillsats av en tvärbindare, exempelvis epiklorhydrin (ECH), tvärbinds dextrankedjorna så att mikrosfärer bildas.
Processen är komplex och påverkas av flera parametrar, vilket gör det svårt att förutsäga hur förändringar i tillverkningsprocessen påverkar mikrosfärernas egenskaper. För att bättre förstå processen genomfördes ett antal systematiskt planerade experiment där temperatur, koncentration av tvärbindare, dextrankoncentration och omrörningshastigeten varierades. Syftet var att undersöka hur dessa parametrar påverkar mikrosfärernas storlek, form och svällningsförmåga.
Resultaten visade att vissa kombinationer av parametrar inte ledde till att mikrosfärer kunde bildas. Framför allt visade det sig att för låga dextrankoncentrationer förhindrade partikelbildning medan högre dextrankoncentrationer generellt gav större partiklar. Även temperatur och koncentration av tvärbindaren hade stor påverkan på partiklarnas egenskaper. Högre temperaturer resulterade generellt i större partiklar med högre svällningsförmåga, medan högre koncentration av tvärbindare gav motsatt effekt. Omrörningshastigheten visade sig vara avgörande för partiklarnas form. Låga omrörningshastigheter resulterade i större och mer avlånga partiklar, särskilt i kombination med låga temperaturer, medan högre omrörningshastigheter resulterade i mindre och mer sfäriska partiklar.
Projektet visade tydliga samband mellan processparametrar och partiklarnas egenskaper, vilket ger värdefull kunskap för den fortsatta utvecklingen av materialet. Resultaten visade också att tillverkningsprocessen är känslig och att små förändringar i processförhållanden kan ha stor påverkan på slutprodukten. Denna kunskap kan användas för att vidareutveckla modellerna och förbättra kontrollen över tillverkningen. På så sätt blir det möjligt att skräddarsy mikrosfärer för olika medicintekniska tillämpningar. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9236549
- author
- Nordberg, Estelle LU
- supervisor
-
- Ulf Nilsson LU
- Ian George LU
- organization
- course
- KASM05 20261
- year
- 2026
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- Degradable Dextran Microspheres, Design of Experiments, Crosslinking, Epichlorohydrin, Particle morphology, Organic chemistry
- language
- English
- id
- 9236549
- date added to LUP
- 2026-06-12 14:35:08
- date last changed
- 2026-06-12 14:35:08
@misc{9236549,
abstract = {{Degradable dextran microspheres (DDMs) are promising materials with potential applications in drug delivery and medical devices due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and versatile properties. DDMs are produced through a water-in-oil emulsion in which an aqueous dextran solution is dispersed in an organic solvent containing an emulsifier. Addition of a crosslinker, such as epichlorohydrin (ECH), crosslinks the dextran chains within the droplets and microspheres are formed. Since the relationship between process parameters and microsphere properties are complex, a deeper understanding of the process is required in order to achieve robust and reproducible production while enabling control of microsphere properties.
The aim of this project was to investigate how key process parameters influence the formation and properties of DDMs, by employing a design of experiments (DoE) approach. A full factorial experimental design was performed using the software MODDE to study the effects of dextran concentration, reaction temperature and ECH concentration on microsphere formation, particle size distribution (PSD), PSD span and swollen volume. An additional DoE was performed to investigate a region of the design space that produced elongated, non-spherical particles, focusing on the effects of temperature and stirring rate.
The results demonstrated that the DDM process is complex and contains several regions in which microspheres are not produced. Although none of the investigated factors or interaction terms were statistically significant according to the coefficient plot for the first DoE, experimental observations and contour plots still suggested that temperature and ECH concentration influenced microsphere properties. Increasing temperature generally increased particle size and swollen volume, while increasing ECH concentration decreased these responses. Possible interaction effects between temperature and ECH concentration were observed for PSD span and swollen volume. The experimental results also indicated that dextran concentration influences microsphere formation, where higher concentrations promoted microsphere formation and resulted in larger spheres.
Particle elongation and sphericity were strongly influenced by both temperature and stirring rate. Increasing the temperature generally reduced particle size and promoted the formation of smaller and more spherical particles. Similarly, increasing the stirring rate reduced particle size and resulted in more spherical particles. The results demonstrate that there is no distinct transition from elongated to spherical particles, the particle morphology can be tuned gradually by balancing temperature and stirring rate. In addition, the swollen volume was influenced by both factors, indicating a complex interaction between temperature and stirring rate depending on the region of the chemical space.}},
author = {{Nordberg, Estelle}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
title = {{Decoding the Chemical Space of Degradable Dextran Microspheres}},
year = {{2026}},
}