Establishment, history and internal architecture of Kolabacken, the former beacon at Falsterbo, southern Sweden
(2026) In Dissertations in Geology at Lund University GEOR12 20261Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (MGeo)
- Abstract
- Kolabacken is a small grass-covered mound near the southern tip of the Falsterbo Peninsula in southern Sweden. The site is known as the former beacon at Falsterbo, where a so-called tilting beacon helped ships navigate along the shallow and dangerous coast before the present lighthouse was built in 1795. Although Falsterbo’s importance for maritime traffic and trade during Medieval times is well known, the internal structure and historical development of Kolabacken have not previously been studied in detail. The study is based on hand-auger sampling to depths of 1 – 6 m at twenty points along two crossing transects through Kolabacken. The sediments were described in the field and later analysed using grain-size analysis, microscopic... (More)
- Kolabacken is a small grass-covered mound near the southern tip of the Falsterbo Peninsula in southern Sweden. The site is known as the former beacon at Falsterbo, where a so-called tilting beacon helped ships navigate along the shallow and dangerous coast before the present lighthouse was built in 1795. Although Falsterbo’s importance for maritime traffic and trade during Medieval times is well known, the internal structure and historical development of Kolabacken have not previously been studied in detail. The study is based on hand-auger sampling to depths of 1 – 6 m at twenty points along two crossing transects through Kolabacken. The sediments were described in the field and later analysed using grain-size analysis, microscopic analysis, portable OSL profiling, quartz OSL dating and radiocarbon dating. Historical maps and written sources were also used to compare the sediment record with the known history. The results show that Kolabacken is a complex structure situated on a former beach ridge close to the early Medieval coastline. The natural beach sand is overlain by a succession of mainly wind-deposited fine- to medium-grained sand, with varying amounts of residues from beacon operation and other human activities. Six sedimentary units were identified: from bottom to top, brown beach sand with gravel, grey sand with charred wood remains and brick fragments, black sand with incompletely burnt coal, yellowish-white aeolian sand, grey sand with coal slag, and greyish-white sand with coal residues and a soil horizon.
Four radiocarbon dates on charred wood from the lower unit with wood remains yielded ages in the range of 1025-1260 CE. Considering the inherent age of the trees used as fuel, these dates broadly confirm historical records stating that King Valdemar II allowed the construction of a beacon site at Falsterbo sometime during 1225-1241 CE. A peat fragment from the underlying beach sand was radiocarbon dated to 645-775 CE, showing that the shoreline was located close to the present site of Kolabacken several hundred years before the beacon site was established. The grey sand with charred wood remains represents Medieval beacon activity, when wood, probably from local woodlands, was used as fuel, while the brick fragments may derive from some form of foundation or building at the site. The overlying black sand represents a subsequent early phase of coal burning when large fragments of unburnt or partly burnt coal were left in the deposits. According to historical sources, coal burning probably began during the 1620s. Higher in the stratigraphic sequence, the grey sand with coal slag suggests a later phase of more complete burning, regular cleaning, maintenance, and more efficient beacon operation. Between these coal-rich units is a layer of aeolian sand from the late 1600s. It is unclear whether this layer resulted from a longer period of sand drift or a single storm event, but in combination with war-related interruptions in coal deliveries it probably affected beacon operation.
Complementary luminescence dating results provide general chronological support, although dating of this type of mixed coastal and anthropogenic deposits is challenging. Cleaner units of aeolian sand give more reliable results, while the mixed lower units were affected by reworking, partial bleaching and later disturbance. Optimal chronological control is therefore obtained by combining the dating results with sedimentology, microscopic observations and historical records.
Potential future studies of the origin and history of Kolabacken could include wood-anatomical analysis of charred wood remains in order to clarify the age and origin of the fuel. Refined luminescence dating of selected sediment layers, combined with comparisons with similar studies from other parts of the Falsterbo Peninsula, could improve the chronology. In addition, possible remains of the tilting beacon and surrounding structures could be mapped using ground-penetrating radar. (Less) - Abstract (Swedish)
- Kolabacken är en liten gräsbevuxen kulle nära den södra spetsen av Falsterbohalvön i sydvästra Skåne. Platsen är känd som den tidigare fyrplatsen i Falsterbo där en s.k. vippfyr hjälpte fartyg att navigera längs den grunda och farliga kusten innan den nuvarande fyren byggdes år 1795. Trots Falsterbos betydelse för sjöfart och handel under medeltiden har Kolabackens uppkomst, inre uppbyggnad och historiska utveckling hittills inte studerats i detalj. Detta arbete syftar till att klarlägga bildningens historia och relationer till naturliga kustprocesser och mänsklig aktivitet genom att undersöka och åldersbestämma dess lagerföljd. Studien är baserad på spadborrning till 1 – 6 m djup på 20 punkter längs två korsande linjer genom Kolabacken.... (More)
- Kolabacken är en liten gräsbevuxen kulle nära den södra spetsen av Falsterbohalvön i sydvästra Skåne. Platsen är känd som den tidigare fyrplatsen i Falsterbo där en s.k. vippfyr hjälpte fartyg att navigera längs den grunda och farliga kusten innan den nuvarande fyren byggdes år 1795. Trots Falsterbos betydelse för sjöfart och handel under medeltiden har Kolabackens uppkomst, inre uppbyggnad och historiska utveckling hittills inte studerats i detalj. Detta arbete syftar till att klarlägga bildningens historia och relationer till naturliga kustprocesser och mänsklig aktivitet genom att undersöka och åldersbestämma dess lagerföljd. Studien är baserad på spadborrning till 1 – 6 m djup på 20 punkter längs två korsande linjer genom Kolabacken. Sedimenten beskrevs i fält och analyserades med hjälp av kornstorleksanalys, mikroskopisk analys, samt åldersbestämning genom C14-datering och olika typer av luminiscensdatering. Historiska kartor och skriftliga källor användes som jämförelse för att klarlägga platsens historiska utveckling. Resultaten visar att Kolabacken är en komplex bildning belägen på en tidigare strandvall nära den tidigmedeltida kustlinjen. Den naturliga strandsanden är överlagrad av en succession av huvudsakligen vindavsatt fin- till mellansand med varierande inslag av restprodukter från fyrverksamheten och andra mänskliga aktiviteter. Sex sedimentära enheter identifierades: underst brun strandsand med inslag av grus, därefter grå sand med förkolnade vedrester och tegelfragment, svart sand med ofullständigt förbränd stenkol, gulvit flygsand, grå sand med kolslagg, och överst gråvit sand med kolrester och jordmån.
Fyra C14-dateringar av träkol från den undre enheten med vedrester gav åldrar i intervallet 1025–1260 e.Kr., vilket med beaktande av egenåldern hos de träd som användes som bränsle i huvudsak bekräftar historiska uppgifter om att Kung Valdemar II tillät uppförandet av en fyrplats i Falsterbo någon gång under perioden 1225–1241 e.Kr. Ett torvfragment från den underliggande strandsanden C14-daterades till 645–775 e.Kr., vilket visar att strandlinjen var belägen nära den plats där Kolabacken nu ligger flera hundra år innan fyrplatsen anlades. Den grå sanden med förkolnade vedrester representerar den medeltida fyrverksamheten då ved, troligtvis från lokala skogsbestånd, användes som bränsle, medan tegelfragmenten kan komma från någon typ av grundläggning eller byggnad på platsen. Den överliggande svarta sanden representerar en efterföljande tidig fas av eldning med stenkol då stora fragment av obränt eller bara delvis förbränt kol lämnades kvar i avlagringarna. Enligt historiska källor inleddes stenkolseldningen sannolikt under 1620-talet. Högre upp i lagerföljden avspeglar den grå sanden med kolslagg en senare fas av mer fullständig förbränning och effektivare fyrdrift. Mellan dessa kolrika enheter finns ett lager med flygsand från slutet av 1600-talet. Det är oklart om det härrör från en längre period av sanddrift eller ett enstaka stormtillfälle men i kombination med krigsrelaterade avbrott i leveransen av stenkol påverkade det sannolikt fyrdriften.
De kompletterande resultaten av luminescensdateringarna ger generellt kronologiskt stöd, även om komplexa avlagringar med betydande inslag av antropogent material är svåra att datera med luminiscens. Mer enhetliga flygsandslager ger mer tillförlitliga resultat, medan de ved- och kolrika enheterna kan vara påverkade av omrörning vid avsättningen, partiell ljuspåverkan och senare störningar. Optimal kronologisk kontroll erhålls därför genom integrerad tolkning av dateringsresultat, sedimentologi och mikroskopiska observationer, samt jämförelser med historiska källor.
Eventuella fördjupade studier i framtiden av Kolabackens tillkomst och historia skulle kunna baseras på vedanatomiska undersökningar av vedrester för att klarlägga bränslets ålder och ursprung. Förfinade luminiscensdateringar av vissa av sedimentlagren i kombination med jämförelser med liknande studier inom andra delar av Falsterbonäset skulle kunna förbättra kronologin. Vidare skulle eventuella rester av vippfyren och kringliggande konstruktioner kunna kartläggas med hjälp av georadar. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9243490
- author
- Dong, Shengliang LU
- supervisor
- organization
- course
- GEOR12 20261
- year
- 2026
- type
- H2 - Master's Degree (Two Years)
- subject
- keywords
- Falsterbo peninsula, beacon, geoarchaeology, OSL dating, radiocarbon dating
- publication/series
- Dissertations in Geology at Lund University
- report number
- 742
- language
- English
- additional info
- This study was initiated by Nils-Arvid Andersson
of Falsterbosand AB, which also provided funding for
the chronological analyses. - id
- 9243490
- date added to LUP
- 2026-06-24 15:45:18
- date last changed
- 2026-06-24 15:45:18
@misc{9243490,
abstract = {{Kolabacken is a small grass-covered mound near the southern tip of the Falsterbo Peninsula in southern Sweden. The site is known as the former beacon at Falsterbo, where a so-called tilting beacon helped ships navigate along the shallow and dangerous coast before the present lighthouse was built in 1795. Although Falsterbo’s importance for maritime traffic and trade during Medieval times is well known, the internal structure and historical development of Kolabacken have not previously been studied in detail. The study is based on hand-auger sampling to depths of 1 – 6 m at twenty points along two crossing transects through Kolabacken. The sediments were described in the field and later analysed using grain-size analysis, microscopic analysis, portable OSL profiling, quartz OSL dating and radiocarbon dating. Historical maps and written sources were also used to compare the sediment record with the known history. The results show that Kolabacken is a complex structure situated on a former beach ridge close to the early Medieval coastline. The natural beach sand is overlain by a succession of mainly wind-deposited fine- to medium-grained sand, with varying amounts of residues from beacon operation and other human activities. Six sedimentary units were identified: from bottom to top, brown beach sand with gravel, grey sand with charred wood remains and brick fragments, black sand with incompletely burnt coal, yellowish-white aeolian sand, grey sand with coal slag, and greyish-white sand with coal residues and a soil horizon.
Four radiocarbon dates on charred wood from the lower unit with wood remains yielded ages in the range of 1025-1260 CE. Considering the inherent age of the trees used as fuel, these dates broadly confirm historical records stating that King Valdemar II allowed the construction of a beacon site at Falsterbo sometime during 1225-1241 CE. A peat fragment from the underlying beach sand was radiocarbon dated to 645-775 CE, showing that the shoreline was located close to the present site of Kolabacken several hundred years before the beacon site was established. The grey sand with charred wood remains represents Medieval beacon activity, when wood, probably from local woodlands, was used as fuel, while the brick fragments may derive from some form of foundation or building at the site. The overlying black sand represents a subsequent early phase of coal burning when large fragments of unburnt or partly burnt coal were left in the deposits. According to historical sources, coal burning probably began during the 1620s. Higher in the stratigraphic sequence, the grey sand with coal slag suggests a later phase of more complete burning, regular cleaning, maintenance, and more efficient beacon operation. Between these coal-rich units is a layer of aeolian sand from the late 1600s. It is unclear whether this layer resulted from a longer period of sand drift or a single storm event, but in combination with war-related interruptions in coal deliveries it probably affected beacon operation.
Complementary luminescence dating results provide general chronological support, although dating of this type of mixed coastal and anthropogenic deposits is challenging. Cleaner units of aeolian sand give more reliable results, while the mixed lower units were affected by reworking, partial bleaching and later disturbance. Optimal chronological control is therefore obtained by combining the dating results with sedimentology, microscopic observations and historical records.
Potential future studies of the origin and history of Kolabacken could include wood-anatomical analysis of charred wood remains in order to clarify the age and origin of the fuel. Refined luminescence dating of selected sediment layers, combined with comparisons with similar studies from other parts of the Falsterbo Peninsula, could improve the chronology. In addition, possible remains of the tilting beacon and surrounding structures could be mapped using ground-penetrating radar.}},
author = {{Dong, Shengliang}},
language = {{eng}},
note = {{Student Paper}},
series = {{Dissertations in Geology at Lund University}},
title = {{Establishment, history and internal architecture of Kolabacken, the former beacon at Falsterbo, southern Sweden}},
year = {{2026}},
}