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Female exposure to phthalates and time to pregnancy : A first pregnancy planner study

Thomsen, Anne Marie L. ; Riis, Anders H. ; Olsen, Jørn ; Jönsson, Bo A.G. LU ; Lindh, Christian H. LU orcid ; Hjollund, Niels H. ; Jensen, Tina Kold ; Bonde, Jens-Peter and Toft, Gunnar (2017) In Human Reproduction 32(1). p.232-238
Abstract

STUDY QUESTION Is female exposure to phthalate metabolites associated with reduced fecundity, as estimated by prolonged time to pregnancy (TTP)? SUMMARY ANSWER Female exposure to monoethyl phthalate (MEP) but not monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) was associated with a longer TTP. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Male exposure to phthalates is potentially associated with adverse effects on human fecundity in epidemiological studies, but little is known about the potential effects on female reproduction. STUDY DESIGN SIZE AND DURATION A cohort study with prospective data based on 229 women from a Danish cohort of 430 first pregnancy planning couples enrolled in 1992-1994. In 2009, urinary... (More)

STUDY QUESTION Is female exposure to phthalate metabolites associated with reduced fecundity, as estimated by prolonged time to pregnancy (TTP)? SUMMARY ANSWER Female exposure to monoethyl phthalate (MEP) but not monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) was associated with a longer TTP. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Male exposure to phthalates is potentially associated with adverse effects on human fecundity in epidemiological studies, but little is known about the potential effects on female reproduction. STUDY DESIGN SIZE AND DURATION A cohort study with prospective data based on 229 women from a Danish cohort of 430 first pregnancy planning couples enrolled in 1992-1994. In 2009, urinary analyses of phthalate metabolites were performed on stored urine samples from this cohort. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING AND METHODS We analyzed MEP, MBP, MBzP and MEHP in female morning spot urine samples collected daily during the first 10 days of menstrual cycles after discontinuation of contraception. The exposure assessment was based on the mean of two measurements from each woman collected in a period of 6 menstrual cycles. We used Cox regression with discrete time to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% CI in relation to the average urine metabolite concentration exposure level, controlled for age and BMI, and the time-varying variables smoking and alcohol. MAIN RESULT AND ROLE OF CHANCE Urinary concentration of MEP was associated with a decreased fecundity (adjusted FR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63; 0.99) corresponding to a 21% decreased probability of conception for each natural log (ln) unit increase in MEP. No significant association with TTP was found for MBP, MBzP and MEHP. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION Subfertile women were overrepresented in the study population due to exclusion of 77 high fertile women who became pregnant in the first cycle when urine collection began. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results suggest that female exposure to MEP may have an adverse effect on female fecundity, but these findings need to be replicated in a larger and newer cohort study with sufficient exposure contrast if the use of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and thereby MEP in the future potentially should be regulated in cosmetics and industrial consumer products.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
fecundity, fertility, MEP, phthalates, time to pregnancy
in
Human Reproduction
volume
32
issue
1
pages
7 pages
publisher
Oxford University Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:27852689
  • wos:000394815100029
  • scopus:85021085685
ISSN
0268-1161
DOI
10.1093/humrep/dew291
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
02858b1b-644d-4a09-a099-7d08688e8bd6
date added to LUP
2017-08-23 15:17:13
date last changed
2024-04-14 16:09:41
@article{02858b1b-644d-4a09-a099-7d08688e8bd6,
  abstract     = {{<p>STUDY QUESTION Is female exposure to phthalate metabolites associated with reduced fecundity, as estimated by prolonged time to pregnancy (TTP)? SUMMARY ANSWER Female exposure to monoethyl phthalate (MEP) but not monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) was associated with a longer TTP. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Male exposure to phthalates is potentially associated with adverse effects on human fecundity in epidemiological studies, but little is known about the potential effects on female reproduction. STUDY DESIGN SIZE AND DURATION A cohort study with prospective data based on 229 women from a Danish cohort of 430 first pregnancy planning couples enrolled in 1992-1994. In 2009, urinary analyses of phthalate metabolites were performed on stored urine samples from this cohort. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING AND METHODS We analyzed MEP, MBP, MBzP and MEHP in female morning spot urine samples collected daily during the first 10 days of menstrual cycles after discontinuation of contraception. The exposure assessment was based on the mean of two measurements from each woman collected in a period of 6 menstrual cycles. We used Cox regression with discrete time to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% CI in relation to the average urine metabolite concentration exposure level, controlled for age and BMI, and the time-varying variables smoking and alcohol. MAIN RESULT AND ROLE OF CHANCE Urinary concentration of MEP was associated with a decreased fecundity (adjusted FR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63; 0.99) corresponding to a 21% decreased probability of conception for each natural log (ln) unit increase in MEP. No significant association with TTP was found for MBP, MBzP and MEHP. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION Subfertile women were overrepresented in the study population due to exclusion of 77 high fertile women who became pregnant in the first cycle when urine collection began. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results suggest that female exposure to MEP may have an adverse effect on female fecundity, but these findings need to be replicated in a larger and newer cohort study with sufficient exposure contrast if the use of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and thereby MEP in the future potentially should be regulated in cosmetics and industrial consumer products.</p>}},
  author       = {{Thomsen, Anne Marie L. and Riis, Anders H. and Olsen, Jørn and Jönsson, Bo A.G. and Lindh, Christian H. and Hjollund, Niels H. and Jensen, Tina Kold and Bonde, Jens-Peter and Toft, Gunnar}},
  issn         = {{0268-1161}},
  keywords     = {{fecundity; fertility; MEP; phthalates; time to pregnancy}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{232--238}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  series       = {{Human Reproduction}},
  title        = {{Female exposure to phthalates and time to pregnancy : A first pregnancy planner study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew291}},
  doi          = {{10.1093/humrep/dew291}},
  volume       = {{32}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}