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Vitamin D In Older Women - Fractures, Frailty and Mortality

Buchebner, David LU (2017)
Abstract
Vitamin D (25OHD) is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and inadequate levels have been associated with negative musculoskeletal as well as extraskeletal effects. Individuals at especially high risk of developing hypovitaminosis D are the elderly. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between 25OHD insufficiency (25OHD <50 nmol/L) and fractures, frailty and mortality. Additionally, we described the normal distribution of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in older women in relation to 25OHD and kidney function (eGFR) and investigated whether PTH was an independent predictor of frailty and mortality.
Data was obtained from women participating in the Malmö Osteoporotic Risk Assessment Cohort (OPRA). This cohort... (More)
Vitamin D (25OHD) is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and inadequate levels have been associated with negative musculoskeletal as well as extraskeletal effects. Individuals at especially high risk of developing hypovitaminosis D are the elderly. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between 25OHD insufficiency (25OHD <50 nmol/L) and fractures, frailty and mortality. Additionally, we described the normal distribution of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in older women in relation to 25OHD and kidney function (eGFR) and investigated whether PTH was an independent predictor of frailty and mortality.
Data was obtained from women participating in the Malmö Osteoporotic Risk Assessment Cohort (OPRA). This cohort consists of 1044 community-dwelling women, aged 75 years, who were followed prospectively for more than 15 years with reevaluations at ages 80 and 85 years. Blood biochemistry including 25OHD, PTH and eGFR was available at all time points. Information on fractures and mortality was continuously registered and a frailty index was constructed.
Women with 25OHD levels <50 nmol/L, sustained between ages 75 and 80 years, had a higher 10-year risk of suffering a major osteoporotic fracture compared to women who maintained 25OHD levels ≥50 nmol/L (HR=1.8 [1.2-2.8], p=0.008). Mortality risk within 10 years of follow-up was significantly higher in 25OHD insufficient women compared to those with 25OHD >75 nmol/L (75y: HR=1.4 [1.0-1.9], p=0.04 and 80y: HR=1.8, 95%CI=1.3-2.4, p<0.001). This increased risk remained after adjustment for smoking, diagnosis of osteoporosis and other comorbidities (at age 80).Between ages 75 and 80 years, PTH increased in 60% of all women (n=390) but increases of up to 50% above baseline values (64%; n=250) still resulted in PTH levels within the normal reference range (NRR), accompanied by lower 25OHD (74 vs 83 nmol/L, p=0.001). Only when increases were >50% was PTH elevated beyond the NRR. Here, a pronounced decline in kidney eGFR (56 vs 61 mL/min/1.73 m2, p=0.002) was found, despite no further decline in 25OHD. At age 85 years, half of the women had stable or decreased PTH levels (51%; n=169). PTH levels above NRR were not independently associated with mortality. At both ages 75 and 80, women with 25OHD <50 nmol/L were more frail compared to 25OHD sufficient women (0.23 vs 0.18; p<0.001 and 0.32 vs 0.25; p=0.001). Accelerated progression of frailty was not associated with lower 25OHD. Variables within the frailty-index that were associated with 25OHD, were those related to muscle strength and function. PTH was not independently associated with frailty
In conclusion, 25OHD levels <50 nmol/L were associated with significant impairments of the musculoskeletal system (fractures, frailty) and predicted all-cause mortality in independently living older women. Parathyroid hormone was inversely correlated to 25OHD and eGFR but was not an independent predictor of frailty or mortality. (Less)
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author
supervisor
opponent
  • professor Langdahl, Bente, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Vitamin D, Women, Fracture, Frailty, Mortality
pages
99 pages
publisher
Lund University: Faculty of Medicine
defense location
Ortopedens Föreläsningssal, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 22, ingång 21, Skånes Universitetssjukhus i Malmö
defense date
2017-12-15 09:00:00
ISBN
978-91-7619-567-3
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
ISSN: 1652-8220 Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series 2017:185
id
16f9fed1-07b1-41dc-9f70-e618bccdf2a2
alternative location
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25116384
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225355
https://academic.oup.com/jes/article/1/6/615/3743773?searchresult=1
date added to LUP
2017-11-16 20:38:17
date last changed
2019-11-19 13:50:03
@phdthesis{16f9fed1-07b1-41dc-9f70-e618bccdf2a2,
  abstract     = {{Vitamin D (25OHD) is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and inadequate levels have been associated with negative musculoskeletal as well as extraskeletal effects. Individuals at especially high risk of developing hypovitaminosis D are the elderly. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between 25OHD insufficiency (25OHD &lt;50 nmol/L) and fractures, frailty and mortality. Additionally, we described the normal distribution of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in older women in relation to 25OHD and kidney function (eGFR) and investigated whether PTH was an independent predictor of frailty and mortality.<br>
Data was obtained from women participating in the Malmö Osteoporotic Risk Assessment Cohort (OPRA). This cohort consists of 1044 community-dwelling women, aged 75 years, who were followed prospectively for more than 15 years with reevaluations at ages 80 and 85 years. Blood biochemistry including 25OHD, PTH and eGFR was available at all time points. Information on fractures and mortality was continuously registered and a frailty index was constructed.<br>
Women with 25OHD levels &lt;50 nmol/L, sustained between ages 75 and 80 years, had a higher 10-year risk of suffering a major osteoporotic fracture compared to women who maintained 25OHD levels ≥50 nmol/L (HR=1.8 [1.2-2.8], p=0.008). Mortality risk within 10 years of follow-up was significantly higher in 25OHD insufficient women compared to those with 25OHD &gt;75 nmol/L (75y: HR=1.4 [1.0-1.9], p=0.04 and 80y: HR=1.8, 95%CI=1.3-2.4, p&lt;0.001). This increased risk remained after adjustment for smoking, diagnosis of osteoporosis and other comorbidities (at age 80).Between ages 75 and 80 years, PTH increased in 60% of all women (n=390) but increases of up to 50% above baseline values (64%; n=250) still resulted in PTH levels within the normal reference range (NRR), accompanied by lower 25OHD (74 vs 83 nmol/L, p=0.001). Only when increases were &gt;50% was PTH elevated beyond the NRR. Here, a pronounced decline in kidney eGFR (56 vs 61 mL/min/1.73 m2, p=0.002) was found, despite no further decline in 25OHD. At age 85 years, half of the women had stable or decreased PTH levels (51%; n=169). PTH levels above NRR were not independently associated with mortality. At both ages 75 and 80, women with 25OHD &lt;50 nmol/L were more frail compared to 25OHD sufficient women (0.23 vs 0.18; p&lt;0.001 and 0.32 vs 0.25; p=0.001). Accelerated progression of frailty was not associated with lower 25OHD. Variables within the frailty-index that were associated with 25OHD, were those related to muscle strength and function. PTH was not independently associated with frailty<br>
In conclusion, 25OHD levels &lt;50 nmol/L were associated with significant impairments of the musculoskeletal system (fractures, frailty) and predicted all-cause mortality in independently living older women. Parathyroid hormone was inversely correlated to 25OHD and eGFR but was not an independent predictor of frailty or mortality.}},
  author       = {{Buchebner, David}},
  isbn         = {{978-91-7619-567-3}},
  keywords     = {{Vitamin D; Women; Fracture; Frailty; Mortality}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Lund University: Faculty of Medicine}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Vitamin D In Older Women - Fractures, Frailty and Mortality}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/35053028/e_spik_david.pdf}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}