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Vertebral Deformity and Vertebral Fracture in the Elderly

Hasserius, Ralph LU (2003)
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic, skeletal disease with the consequence of an increased risk of sustaining a fracture, one of the most common fractures being a vertebral fracture. The lifetime risk of sustaining a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture from age 50 years onward is 8% in men and 15% in women. These fractures are followed by increased morbidity and mortality as well as an increased risk of sustaining future fragility fractures, a fact that emphasizes the need of preventing the disease.



Individuals with a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture are, however, only a subset of all individuals with vertebral fractures, revealed if a generalized radiological screening is performed. Furthermore, the changes in the... (More)
Osteoporosis is a systemic, skeletal disease with the consequence of an increased risk of sustaining a fracture, one of the most common fractures being a vertebral fracture. The lifetime risk of sustaining a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture from age 50 years onward is 8% in men and 15% in women. These fractures are followed by increased morbidity and mortality as well as an increased risk of sustaining future fragility fractures, a fact that emphasizes the need of preventing the disease.



Individuals with a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture are, however, only a subset of all individuals with vertebral fractures, revealed if a generalized radiological screening is performed. Furthermore, the changes in the shape of the vertebral body, visible on lateral spine radiographs, do not always represent fractures. As a consequence, changes in the shape of the vertebral body are, in epidemiological studies, referred to as vertebral deformities instead of vertebral fractures.



This thesis evaluates the occurrence as well as the consequences of prevalent vertebral deformities and clinically diagnosed vertebral fractures in Swedish men and women, aged 50 years or more.



In a cross-sectional study the prevalence of vertebral deformity in 343 men and 454 women, age 50-86 years, from two different, population-based cohorts from southwest Sweden, was evaluated using a morphometric method. Thirty-three percent of the men and 39% of the women had vertebral deformities. More women than men had vertebral deformities, and in both genders the prevalence increased with age. The vertebrae most commonly deformed were L1, Th12 and Th11.



The European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study (EVOS) was a multi-centre study evaluating the prevalence of vertebral deformity in 19 European countries. The individuals who were invited but declined to participate in the Malmö part of the EVOS study were analyzed regarding risk factors for vertebral deformities and were compared with age- and gender-matched participants. The “true” prevalence of subjects with vertebral deformity in the whole male Malmö population at risk was probably underestimated in the EVOS study. Whether this is also the case for women was not so clearly indicated.



In the population-based cohort of 298 men and 300 women, age 50-80 years, in the Malmö part of the EVOS study, men and women with a prevalent vertebral deformity had a 2.4- and 2.3-fold, respectively, increased risk of dying during a 10-year follow-up period, compared with individuals without a prevalent vertebral deformity. In men there was an increased mortality due to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and in women due to cancer. The presence of a vertebral deformity predicted also future fractures of any type in both genders and future fragility fractures in women.



The prevalence of vertebral deformities among 196 hip fracture patients was higher than among reference subjects from two population-based cohorts. This difference was most pronounced among individuals less than 80 years old. The result suggests that a prevalent vertebral deformity possibly indicates an increased risk of sustaining a hip fracture. There was no difference in the prevalence of vertebral deformity between patients with a per- or subtrochanteric hip fracture and patients with a cervical hip fracture.



Among individuals over 50 years of age, in the Swedish city of Malmö, 1.8 out of 1000 men and 3.6 out of 1000 women sustained a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture during 1979. Among the women, there were more individuals who, at a follow-up examination 12 years later, had back pain and an impaired health status compared with women from a population-based cohort. Both men and women with a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture had an increased mortality during the 22 years following the diagnosis compared with the population at risk. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Osteoporos (benskörhet) är en sjukdom med en störning i ämnesomsättningen i skelettet vilket leder till minskad mängd benvävnad och förändringar i benets mikrostruktur. Detta resulterar i en sämre hållfasthet och en ökad risk för frakturer (benbrott), vilka kan uppkomma spontant eller som en följd av ett lindrigt trauma (olycksfall). Andelen individer med osteoporos ökar med stigande ålder och kvinnor drabbas oftare än män. Fraktur på en eller flera av ryggradens kotor är en vanlig typ av fraktur vid osteoporos. Bland 50-åriga kvinnor i Sverige kommer 15% att ådra sig en kliniskt diagnostiserad kotfraktur någon gång under sin återstående livstid. Motsvarande andel bland männen är 8%. De personer... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

Osteoporos (benskörhet) är en sjukdom med en störning i ämnesomsättningen i skelettet vilket leder till minskad mängd benvävnad och förändringar i benets mikrostruktur. Detta resulterar i en sämre hållfasthet och en ökad risk för frakturer (benbrott), vilka kan uppkomma spontant eller som en följd av ett lindrigt trauma (olycksfall). Andelen individer med osteoporos ökar med stigande ålder och kvinnor drabbas oftare än män. Fraktur på en eller flera av ryggradens kotor är en vanlig typ av fraktur vid osteoporos. Bland 50-åriga kvinnor i Sverige kommer 15% att ådra sig en kliniskt diagnostiserad kotfraktur någon gång under sin återstående livstid. Motsvarande andel bland männen är 8%. De personer som får en osteoporosrelaterad kotfraktur löper en ökad risk för ryggbesvär och en ökad risk för att senare få andra benskörhetsfrakturer jämfört med personer utan kotfraktur. Om man utför en röntgenundersökning av ryggen på ett antal äldre personer slumpvis utvalda ur befolkningen finner man att mindre än 1/3 av alla individer med röntgenologisk kotfraktur känner till sin fraktur. Många individer med kotfraktur på grund av osteoporos har således så lite besvär eller ignorerar sina besvär att de inte söker sjukvård. Dessutom kan andra sjukdomstillstånd än fraktur ge en formförändring av en kota. Av dessa anledningar har man valt att benämna röntgenologiskt formförändrade kotor för kotdeformitet i stället för kotfraktur när man genomför vetenskapliga undersökningar på en större mängd individer ur befolkningen. Denna avhandling behandlar förekomsten av kotdeformitet respektive förekomsten av kliniskt kända kotfrakturer bland män och kvinnor äldre än 50 år och boende i Sverige. Dessutom har vi undersökt konsekvenserna av dessa tillstånd när det gäller ryggbesvär, risken för framtida frakturer samt dödlighet. I det första delarbetet beskrivs förekomsten av kotdeformitet bland 343 män och 454 kvinnor i åldern 50 – 86 år, slumpvis utvalda ur befolkningen i Malmö och Göteborg. Sammanlagt 33% av männen och 39% av kvinnorna hade minst en kota som var deformerad. Andelen individer med kotdeformitet ökade med stigande ålder såväl bland männen som kvinnorna. De tre kotor som oftast uppvisade kotdeformitet var de två nedersta bröstkotorna och den översta ländkotan. När man undersöker förekomsten av en sjukdom eller ett tillstånd i befolkningen genom att bjuda in en slumpvis utvald grupp ur befolkningen är det viktigt att studera även de som tackade nej till att delta. Om dessa skiljer sig i viktiga aspekter från de som deltog i undersökningen kan våra slutsatser av studien vara felaktiga. I delarbete två studerades de personer som avböjde deltagande i Malmö-delen av ”European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study” (EVOS). Denna studie behandlade förekomsten av kotdeformitet och genomfördes som en multinationell undersökning i 19 olika europeiska länder och omfattade fler än 15 000 personer. Bland de män som avböjde deltagande var förmodligen andelen individer med kotdeformitet högre än bland de män som deltog. När det gällde kvinnorna kunde några säkra slutsatser inte dras. I delarbete tre följdes under en 10-års period dödligheten och andelen nya frakturer bland de 298 män och 300 kvinnor som ingick i Malmö-delen av EVOS. De individer som uppvisade kotdeformitet hade en drygt 2 gånger ökad risk att avlida under den efterföljande 10-års perioden jämfört med individer utan kotdeformitet. Männen med kotdeformitet uppvisade en överdödlighet i hjärt-kärl- och lung-sjukdomar medan kvinnor med kotdeformitet hade en ökad dödlighet i cancer. Förekomst av kotdeformitet innebar både bland männen och kvinnorna en ökad risk för nya frakturer under 10-års perioden jämfört med de utan kotdeformitet. I delarbete fyra rapporterades att andelen individer med kotdeformitet var högre bland en grupp patienter som behandlades för höftfraktur jämfört med individer slumpvis utvalda ur befolkningen. Denna skillnad fanns framför allt bland personer under 80 års ålder. Detta resultat föranleder misstanken att kotdeformitet möjligtvis kan ses som en riskfaktor för framtida höftfraktur. Det fanns ingen skillnad i andelen individer med kotdeformitet bland patienter med sin höftfraktur lokaliserad nedanför lårbenshalsen jämfört med patienter med sin höftfraktur i själva lårbenshalsen. Bland Malmös befolkning över 50 års ålder 1979 ådrog sig 1.8 av 1000 män och 3.6 av 1000 kvinnor en kliniskt diagnostiserad kotfraktur. Vid en efterundersökning 12 år senare konstaterades att det fanns fler kvinnor bland patienterna med kotfraktur som hade ryggsmärtor och som upplevde sin hälsa som sämre jämfört med kvinnor slumpvis utvalda ur befolkningen. Dödligheten var under en 22-års period högre bland patienterna med kotfraktur jämfört med hela Malmös befolkning med samma ålders- och könsfördelning. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att andelen individer med kotdeformitet bland män och kvinnor äldre än 50 år och boende i Sverige är hög. Individer med kotdeformitet har en ökad dödlighet och en ökad risk för framtida fraktur under en 10-års period jämfört med individer utan kotdeformitet. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Professor Nilsson, Olle, Department of Orthopaedics, Uppsala Academic Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
organization
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
orthopaedics, traumatology, Kirurgi, ortopedi, traumatologi, Surgery, Hip fracture, Morbidity, Mortality, Prediction, Non-participants, Prevalence, Osteoporosis, Vertebral deformity, Vertebral fracture
pages
102 pages
publisher
Ralph Hasserius, Department of Orthopaedics, Malmö University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden,
defense location
Malmö University Hospital, entrance 35
defense date
2003-03-28 10:15:00
ISBN
91-89625-17-X
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Article: Paper IVertebral deformation in urban Swedish men and women. Prevalence based on 797 subjects Article: Paper IINon-participants differ from participants as regards risk factors for vertebral deformities. A source of misinterpretation in the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study Article: Paper IIIPrevalent vertebral deformities predict increased mortality and increased fracture rate in both men and women – a 10-year, population-based study of 598 individuals from the Swedish cohort in the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study Article: Paper IVHip fracture patients have more vertebral deformities than subjects in population-based studies Article: Paper VLong-term morbidity and mortality after a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture in the elderly – a 12- and 22-years follow-up of 257 patients
id
b164bc31-294d-4f6a-9cd7-f34b04c41385 (old id 465501)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 11:30:08
date last changed
2018-11-21 21:05:14
@phdthesis{b164bc31-294d-4f6a-9cd7-f34b04c41385,
  abstract     = {{Osteoporosis is a systemic, skeletal disease with the consequence of an increased risk of sustaining a fracture, one of the most common fractures being a vertebral fracture. The lifetime risk of sustaining a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture from age 50 years onward is 8% in men and 15% in women. These fractures are followed by increased morbidity and mortality as well as an increased risk of sustaining future fragility fractures, a fact that emphasizes the need of preventing the disease.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Individuals with a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture are, however, only a subset of all individuals with vertebral fractures, revealed if a generalized radiological screening is performed. Furthermore, the changes in the shape of the vertebral body, visible on lateral spine radiographs, do not always represent fractures. As a consequence, changes in the shape of the vertebral body are, in epidemiological studies, referred to as vertebral deformities instead of vertebral fractures.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
This thesis evaluates the occurrence as well as the consequences of prevalent vertebral deformities and clinically diagnosed vertebral fractures in Swedish men and women, aged 50 years or more.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
In a cross-sectional study the prevalence of vertebral deformity in 343 men and 454 women, age 50-86 years, from two different, population-based cohorts from southwest Sweden, was evaluated using a morphometric method. Thirty-three percent of the men and 39% of the women had vertebral deformities. More women than men had vertebral deformities, and in both genders the prevalence increased with age. The vertebrae most commonly deformed were L1, Th12 and Th11.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study (EVOS) was a multi-centre study evaluating the prevalence of vertebral deformity in 19 European countries. The individuals who were invited but declined to participate in the Malmö part of the EVOS study were analyzed regarding risk factors for vertebral deformities and were compared with age- and gender-matched participants. The “true” prevalence of subjects with vertebral deformity in the whole male Malmö population at risk was probably underestimated in the EVOS study. Whether this is also the case for women was not so clearly indicated.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
In the population-based cohort of 298 men and 300 women, age 50-80 years, in the Malmö part of the EVOS study, men and women with a prevalent vertebral deformity had a 2.4- and 2.3-fold, respectively, increased risk of dying during a 10-year follow-up period, compared with individuals without a prevalent vertebral deformity. In men there was an increased mortality due to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and in women due to cancer. The presence of a vertebral deformity predicted also future fractures of any type in both genders and future fragility fractures in women.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
The prevalence of vertebral deformities among 196 hip fracture patients was higher than among reference subjects from two population-based cohorts. This difference was most pronounced among individuals less than 80 years old. The result suggests that a prevalent vertebral deformity possibly indicates an increased risk of sustaining a hip fracture. There was no difference in the prevalence of vertebral deformity between patients with a per- or subtrochanteric hip fracture and patients with a cervical hip fracture.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Among individuals over 50 years of age, in the Swedish city of Malmö, 1.8 out of 1000 men and 3.6 out of 1000 women sustained a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture during 1979. Among the women, there were more individuals who, at a follow-up examination 12 years later, had back pain and an impaired health status compared with women from a population-based cohort. Both men and women with a clinically diagnosed vertebral fracture had an increased mortality during the 22 years following the diagnosis compared with the population at risk.}},
  author       = {{Hasserius, Ralph}},
  isbn         = {{91-89625-17-X}},
  keywords     = {{orthopaedics; traumatology; Kirurgi; ortopedi; traumatologi; Surgery; Hip fracture; Morbidity; Mortality; Prediction; Non-participants; Prevalence; Osteoporosis; Vertebral deformity; Vertebral fracture}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Ralph Hasserius, Department of Orthopaedics, Malmö University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden,}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Vertebral Deformity and Vertebral Fracture in the Elderly}},
  year         = {{2003}},
}