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Recent changes in land use and productivity in agro-pastoral Inner Mongolia, China

Brogaard, Sara LU (2003)
Abstract
This study challenges the prevailing assumption that the expansion of cultivated land areas and increasing number of livestock in the agro-pastoral regions of northern China have aggravated the process of land degradation since the start of the rural reforms in 1978. Land-use and productivity trends in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), with special attention to the Keerqin steppe region, have been analysed. A combination of methods including household surveys, analysis of agro-statistics and satellite-based productivity modelling has been applied on different spatial scales. Increase in grain yields was found, though considerable interannual variability persists, rendering livelihood insecure for farmers. Although statistics for... (More)
This study challenges the prevailing assumption that the expansion of cultivated land areas and increasing number of livestock in the agro-pastoral regions of northern China have aggravated the process of land degradation since the start of the rural reforms in 1978. Land-use and productivity trends in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), with special attention to the Keerqin steppe region, have been analysed. A combination of methods including household surveys, analysis of agro-statistics and satellite-based productivity modelling has been applied on different spatial scales. Increase in grain yields was found, though considerable interannual variability persists, rendering livelihood insecure for farmers. Although statistics for cultivated land area are inferior the area of cultivated land seems to be increasing mainly in the pastoral counties. Farmers acknowledge the importance of the 30-year contract on cultivated land introduced in 1997 with respect to their investment in long-term management, but ranked the availability of chemical fertilizers and the economic means to buy them as more critical for crop production than soil erosion. This indicates the increase in use of and dependence on agro-chemicals, a trend confirmed by regional statistics, and concern is raised regarding the sustainability of the rapid agricultural development. The spatio-temporal dynamics of primary production for the IMAR was analysed by means of a regionally adapted light use efficiency model. The model, driven by a combination of NOAA AVHRR data and climatic data, has been used to map monthly Gross Primary Production (GPP) for the period 1982-1999. Though the high inter-annual variability in primary production undermines the identification of significant trends, it is indicated that in the western regions there has been no change in biological production, whereas a large area in central IMAR shows a marked increases for the period 1982-99. A combination of increasing crop yields, an increase in precipitation, as well as afforestation projects are probable factors explaining the pattern of regional increase in primary production. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

De arida och semi-arida grässtäpperna i Norra Kina anses vara svårt drabbade av markförstöring, främst genom vind- och vattenerosion, men även genom försaltning. Den rådande uppfattningen är att markförstöring och ökenspridningsproblematiken har eskalerat sedan införandet av de ekonomiska reformerna efter 1978, bl.a. genom en expansion av den odlade arealen på tidigare betesmarker och genom ett ökat antal betesdjur. Detta anses speciellt ha drabbat områdena i övergångszonen mellan odlingsjordbruk och de mer nederbördsfattiga betesmarkerna. Denna studie, som analyserar förändringar i markanvändning och produktivitet under de senaste 20 åren med fokus på Keerqin Steppen i Östra Inre Mongoliet,... (More)
Popular Abstract in Swedish

De arida och semi-arida grässtäpperna i Norra Kina anses vara svårt drabbade av markförstöring, främst genom vind- och vattenerosion, men även genom försaltning. Den rådande uppfattningen är att markförstöring och ökenspridningsproblematiken har eskalerat sedan införandet av de ekonomiska reformerna efter 1978, bl.a. genom en expansion av den odlade arealen på tidigare betesmarker och genom ett ökat antal betesdjur. Detta anses speciellt ha drabbat områdena i övergångszonen mellan odlingsjordbruk och de mer nederbördsfattiga betesmarkerna. Denna studie, som analyserar förändringar i markanvändning och produktivitet under de senaste 20 åren med fokus på Keerqin Steppen i Östra Inre Mongoliet, ifrågasätter denna uppfattning. En kombination av metoder som inkluderar både intervjuer, analyser av jordbruksstatistik samt modellering av produktivitet med hjälp av satellitdata har applicerats på olika rumsliga skalor. En markant ökning i avkastning av spannmål per ytenhet kan identifieras, men de stora variationerna i produktion mellan olika år kvarstår eller till och med ökar. Detta gör försörjningsituationen för den fattigare delen av de småskaliga jordbrukarna i området osäker. Även om markanvändningsdata, speciellt den över odlad areal, är av dålig kvalitet, kan en ökning av uppodlad mark identifieras inom de djurhållningsdominerade distrikten. Jordbrukarna bekräftar att de 30-åriga kontrakt på jordbruksmark som infördes 1997 har ökat incitamenten för långsiktiga investeringar i markens skötsel, men de anser även att tillgången på konstgödning är viktigare för spannmålsproduktionen än problem med jorderosion. Detta indikerar ett ökat användande och beroende av jordbrukskemikalier, vilket också bekräftas av regional statistik, och studien ifrågasätter uthålligheten av den snabba utvecklingen av jordbruket i området.



Den temporala och rumsliga dynamiken av primärproduktionen över hela Inre Mongoliet analyseras med hjälp av en regionalt anpassad produktivitetsmodell (light use efficiency model). Modellen, som drivs av en kombination av NOAA AVHRR satellitdata och klimat data, har används för att kartera månatliga värden för primärproduktionen (GPP) för perioden 1982-1999. Även om den höga variationen i primärproduktion mellan åren försvårar identifieringen av signifikanta trender över tiden kan en positiv trend för en stor yta i den centrala delen av regionen urskiljas, medan ett område utan märkbar trend återfinns i den västra delen av provinsen. En kombination av ökad produktivitet inom spannmålsjordbruket, ökande nederbörd över perioden, samt olika skogsplanterings projekt och andra vegetationsförbättrande åtgärder är sannolika orsaker som kan förklara den regionalt ökande trenden i primärproduktionen. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • F Hutchinson, Charles, Office of Arid Lands Studies,
organization
alternative title
Markanvändning och produktivitet i Inre Mongoliet China: förändringar under senare tid
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
geomorphology, Physical geography, China, Inner Mongolia, remote sensing, LUE model, primary production, GPP, yield variability, land degradation, farmers’ perception, productivity, Land use, pedology, cartography, climatology, Fysisk geografi, geomorfologi, marklära, kartografi, klimatologi
pages
160 pages
publisher
Sara Brogaard, MICLU, Sölvegatan 10, 22362 Lund,
defense location
Geocentrum 1, sal 111, Sölvegatan 10, Lund
defense date
2003-12-12 10:15:00
ISBN
91-973857-7-8
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
Article: I. Brogaard, S. and Zhao, X. (2002). Changes in land management and attitudes: A case study from Inner Mongolia, China. Ambio, 31 (3), 219-225. Article: II. Brogaard, S. and Li, X. (2003). Agricultural performance on marginal land in eastern Inner Mongolia, China – development in the pre- and post-1978 reform periods. Land degradation and development (Submitted November 2003). Article: III. Runnström, M., Brogaard. S. and Olsson, L. (2003). Estimation of PAR over Northern China in the context of NOAA AVHRR vegetation modelling. Geocarto International (Submitted August 2003). Article: IV. Brogaard, S., Runnström, M. and Seaquist, J. (2003). A. Primary production of Inner Mongolia, China, between 1982 and 1999, estimated by a satellite-driven light use efficiency model. Global and Planetary Change (Accepted).
id
f2daa88f-a831-46ac-bb98-833548fc72a0 (old id 466445)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 16:04:20
date last changed
2018-11-21 20:38:31
@phdthesis{f2daa88f-a831-46ac-bb98-833548fc72a0,
  abstract     = {{This study challenges the prevailing assumption that the expansion of cultivated land areas and increasing number of livestock in the agro-pastoral regions of northern China have aggravated the process of land degradation since the start of the rural reforms in 1978. Land-use and productivity trends in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), with special attention to the Keerqin steppe region, have been analysed. A combination of methods including household surveys, analysis of agro-statistics and satellite-based productivity modelling has been applied on different spatial scales. Increase in grain yields was found, though considerable interannual variability persists, rendering livelihood insecure for farmers. Although statistics for cultivated land area are inferior the area of cultivated land seems to be increasing mainly in the pastoral counties. Farmers acknowledge the importance of the 30-year contract on cultivated land introduced in 1997 with respect to their investment in long-term management, but ranked the availability of chemical fertilizers and the economic means to buy them as more critical for crop production than soil erosion. This indicates the increase in use of and dependence on agro-chemicals, a trend confirmed by regional statistics, and concern is raised regarding the sustainability of the rapid agricultural development. The spatio-temporal dynamics of primary production for the IMAR was analysed by means of a regionally adapted light use efficiency model. The model, driven by a combination of NOAA AVHRR data and climatic data, has been used to map monthly Gross Primary Production (GPP) for the period 1982-1999. Though the high inter-annual variability in primary production undermines the identification of significant trends, it is indicated that in the western regions there has been no change in biological production, whereas a large area in central IMAR shows a marked increases for the period 1982-99. A combination of increasing crop yields, an increase in precipitation, as well as afforestation projects are probable factors explaining the pattern of regional increase in primary production.}},
  author       = {{Brogaard, Sara}},
  isbn         = {{91-973857-7-8}},
  keywords     = {{geomorphology; Physical geography; China; Inner Mongolia; remote sensing; LUE model; primary production; GPP; yield variability; land degradation; farmers’ perception; productivity; Land use; pedology; cartography; climatology; Fysisk geografi; geomorfologi; marklära; kartografi; klimatologi}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Sara Brogaard, MICLU, Sölvegatan 10, 22362 Lund,}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  title        = {{Recent changes in land use and productivity in agro-pastoral Inner Mongolia, China}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/4558810/1693175.pdf}},
  year         = {{2003}},
}