Hypoxia-Related Processes in the Baltic Sea
(2009) In Environmental Science & Technology 43(10). p.3412-3420- Abstract
- Hypoxia, a growing worldwide problem, has been intermittently present in the modern Baltic Sea since its formation ca. 8000 cal. yr BP. However, both the spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia have increased with anthropogenic eutrophication due to nutrient inputs. Physical processes, which control stratification and the renewal of oxygen in bottom waters, are important constraints on the formation and maintenance of hypoxia. Climate controlled inflows of saline water from the North Sea through the Danish Straits is a critical controlling factor governing the spatial extent and duration of hypoxia. Hypoxia regulates the biogeochemical cycles of both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the water column and sediments. Significant amounts of... (More)
- Hypoxia, a growing worldwide problem, has been intermittently present in the modern Baltic Sea since its formation ca. 8000 cal. yr BP. However, both the spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia have increased with anthropogenic eutrophication due to nutrient inputs. Physical processes, which control stratification and the renewal of oxygen in bottom waters, are important constraints on the formation and maintenance of hypoxia. Climate controlled inflows of saline water from the North Sea through the Danish Straits is a critical controlling factor governing the spatial extent and duration of hypoxia. Hypoxia regulates the biogeochemical cycles of both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the water column and sediments. Significant amounts of P are currently released from sediments, an order of magnitude larger than anthropogenic inputs. The Baltic Sea is unique for coastal marine ecosystems experiencing N losses in hypoxic waters below the halocline. Although benthic communities in the Baltic Sea are naturally constrained by salinity gradients, hypoxia has resulted in habitat loss over vast areas and the elimination of benthic fauna, and has severely disrupted benthic food webs. Nutrient load reductions are needed to reduce the extent, severity, and effects of hypoxia. (Less)
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- author
- organization
- publishing date
- 2009
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Environmental Science & Technology
- volume
- 43
- issue
- 10
- pages
- 3412 - 3420
- publisher
- The American Chemical Society (ACS)
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000266046700006
- scopus:66249145046
- ISSN
- 1520-5851
- DOI
- 10.1021/es802762a
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- ad523019-5cff-4882-bbee-0b94397c3af3 (old id 1426163)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 13:54:50
- date last changed
- 2022-04-14 03:44:07
@article{ad523019-5cff-4882-bbee-0b94397c3af3, abstract = {{Hypoxia, a growing worldwide problem, has been intermittently present in the modern Baltic Sea since its formation ca. 8000 cal. yr BP. However, both the spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia have increased with anthropogenic eutrophication due to nutrient inputs. Physical processes, which control stratification and the renewal of oxygen in bottom waters, are important constraints on the formation and maintenance of hypoxia. Climate controlled inflows of saline water from the North Sea through the Danish Straits is a critical controlling factor governing the spatial extent and duration of hypoxia. Hypoxia regulates the biogeochemical cycles of both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the water column and sediments. Significant amounts of P are currently released from sediments, an order of magnitude larger than anthropogenic inputs. The Baltic Sea is unique for coastal marine ecosystems experiencing N losses in hypoxic waters below the halocline. Although benthic communities in the Baltic Sea are naturally constrained by salinity gradients, hypoxia has resulted in habitat loss over vast areas and the elimination of benthic fauna, and has severely disrupted benthic food webs. Nutrient load reductions are needed to reduce the extent, severity, and effects of hypoxia.}}, author = {{Conley, Daniel and Björck, Svante and Bonsdorff, Erik and Carstensen, Jacob and Destouni, Georgia and Gustafsson, Bo G. and Hietanen, Susanna and Kortekaas, Marloes and Kuosa, Harri and Meier, H. E. Markus and Mueller-Karulis, Baerbel and Nordberg, Kjell and Norkko, Alf and Nuernberg, Gertrud and Pitkanen, Heikki and Rabalais, Nancy N. and Rosenberg, Rutger and Savchuk, Oleg P. and Slomp, Caroline P. and Voss, Maren and Wulff, Fredrik and Zillén, Lovisa}}, issn = {{1520-5851}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{3412--3420}}, publisher = {{The American Chemical Society (ACS)}}, series = {{Environmental Science & Technology}}, title = {{Hypoxia-Related Processes in the Baltic Sea}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es802762a}}, doi = {{10.1021/es802762a}}, volume = {{43}}, year = {{2009}}, }