On the origin of polymorphism - consequences of competition and predation in heterogeneous environments
(2009)- Abstract
- In this thesis, I have studied when an initially monomorphic population can diverge into two morphs in a heterogeneous environment. Evolution is driven by competition for resources or predation.
In Paper I, we studied source-sink dynamics during evolution in an environment with two types of resource of different abundance in two habitats. We found that dispersal can help maintain higher diversity and that source-sink dynamics can give an ecologically persistent community, which is not evolutionary persistent.
Paper II-Iv consist of studies of the evolution of polymorphic crypsis. In Paper II we compared the effect on evolution of different predatory functional responses (with fixed predator abundance),... (More) - In this thesis, I have studied when an initially monomorphic population can diverge into two morphs in a heterogeneous environment. Evolution is driven by competition for resources or predation.
In Paper I, we studied source-sink dynamics during evolution in an environment with two types of resource of different abundance in two habitats. We found that dispersal can help maintain higher diversity and that source-sink dynamics can give an ecologically persistent community, which is not evolutionary persistent.
Paper II-Iv consist of studies of the evolution of polymorphic crypsis. In Paper II we compared the effect on evolution of different predatory functional responses (with fixed predator abundance), and found that type III functional response had a much larger parameter space where polymorphism could evolve, compared to type II functional response. Also, polymorphism was most likely to evolve for intermedate predation and trade-off, and low dispersal.
In Paper III, I compared three different predator-prey models (with explicit dynamics for all population), with passive dispersal, isolation or habitat choice, and found little difference between the results. However, the functional response type II here gave very similar result to the type III functional response in Paper II.
In Paper IV we used an artificial neural network to simulate a learning predator. The sexually reproducing prey could evolve polymorphic crypsis when invading a visually different habitat if there were little dispersal between the old and the new habitat. Too high dispersal would produce an intermediate morph, and for very high dispersal the prey could not become adapted to its new enironment at all. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1494599
- author
- Holmér, Jennie LU
- supervisor
-
- Jörgen Ripa LU
- opponent
-
- Professor Leimar, Olof, Zoologiska Institutionen, Stockholms Universitet, Stockholm
- organization
- publishing date
- 2009
- type
- Thesis
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- source-sink dynamics, predation, competition, dispersal, polymorphism, evolution, crypsis, adaptive dynamics
- pages
- 128 pages
- defense location
- Blå Hallen, Ecologihuset, Sölvegatan 37, Lund
- defense date
- 2009-11-13 10:00:00
- ISBN
- 978-91-7105-302-2
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- additional info
- The information about affiliations in this record was updated in December 2015. The record was previously connected to the following departments: Theoretical ecology (Closed 2011) (011006011)
- id
- 3863ad2d-15c8-4837-afea-3338f82f1049 (old id 1494599)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-04 14:37:30
- date last changed
- 2018-11-21 21:21:22
@phdthesis{3863ad2d-15c8-4837-afea-3338f82f1049,
abstract = {{In this thesis, I have studied when an initially monomorphic population can diverge into two morphs in a heterogeneous environment. Evolution is driven by competition for resources or predation.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
In Paper I, we studied source-sink dynamics during evolution in an environment with two types of resource of different abundance in two habitats. We found that dispersal can help maintain higher diversity and that source-sink dynamics can give an ecologically persistent community, which is not evolutionary persistent.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
Paper II-Iv consist of studies of the evolution of polymorphic crypsis. In Paper II we compared the effect on evolution of different predatory functional responses (with fixed predator abundance), and found that type III functional response had a much larger parameter space where polymorphism could evolve, compared to type II functional response. Also, polymorphism was most likely to evolve for intermedate predation and trade-off, and low dispersal.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
In Paper III, I compared three different predator-prey models (with explicit dynamics for all population), with passive dispersal, isolation or habitat choice, and found little difference between the results. However, the functional response type II here gave very similar result to the type III functional response in Paper II.<br/><br>
<br/><br>
In Paper IV we used an artificial neural network to simulate a learning predator. The sexually reproducing prey could evolve polymorphic crypsis when invading a visually different habitat if there were little dispersal between the old and the new habitat. Too high dispersal would produce an intermediate morph, and for very high dispersal the prey could not become adapted to its new enironment at all.}},
author = {{Holmér, Jennie}},
isbn = {{978-91-7105-302-2}},
keywords = {{source-sink dynamics; predation; competition; dispersal; polymorphism; evolution; crypsis; adaptive dynamics}},
language = {{eng}},
school = {{Lund University}},
title = {{On the origin of polymorphism - consequences of competition and predation in heterogeneous environments}},
year = {{2009}},
}