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Renaissance 1.5

Bjärnemo, Robert LU ; Hopf, Andreas LU ; Motte, Damien LU orcid ; Nikoleris, Giorgos LU and Nordin, Axel LU (2011)
Abstract
The Renaissance 1.5 project was based on the observation that in traditional product development, several iterations are needed to obtain a compromise between engineering, manufacturing constraints and aesthetics. The rapid advances in optimisation methods and in knowledge-based engineering (KBE) make it possible to integrate engineering and manufacturing constraints in a computer-based industrial design tool with direct links to digital fabrication, facilitating integration between design, engineering and production. Such a computer-based form-finding tool can moreover strengthen the design process through the use of advanced and aesthetically interesting morphologies from nature and mathematics, which so far have been mainly exploited... (More)
The Renaissance 1.5 project was based on the observation that in traditional product development, several iterations are needed to obtain a compromise between engineering, manufacturing constraints and aesthetics. The rapid advances in optimisation methods and in knowledge-based engineering (KBE) make it possible to integrate engineering and manufacturing constraints in a computer-based industrial design tool with direct links to digital fabrication, facilitating integration between design, engineering and production. Such a computer-based form-finding tool can moreover strengthen the design process through the use of advanced and aesthetically interesting morphologies from nature and mathematics, which so far have been mainly exploited within architecture. This tighter integration in combination shall in the long run enable consumers to actively participate in the generation of the design solution. Such an enhanced product development process would eventually blur the boundary between consumer-specific tailoring of products and mass-production.

The main goal of the project has been to test a framework that is expected to:

1. allow for a deeper integration of design into the product development process;

2. widen the creative repertoire of the designer (through the exploitation of forms inspired by nature and/or mathematics), which eventually would also result in

3. improved possibilities for mass-customisation.

The framework has been tested for one product type, shelving, from concept to production preparation. A software system has been developed that provides:

- users (designers or consumers) with the option to determine: product contour, number of compartments, and material

- a choice of morphologies: Voronoi diagram, Chinese lattice, D1 pentagon and hexagon tessellations, kite morphology

- choice of alternative materials: plywood, stainless steel, medium density fibreboard, linked to corresponding production techniques such as bending, cutting, etc.

- optimisation of shelving with a focus on the satisfaction of engineering and production constraints

- automated generation of the production preparation documents.

Based on the experiences accumulated in the course of the project, recommendations are also given for organisations that would be interested in the deployment of such a system.

It was discovered that a major issue-related to the complexity of the morphologies - was to devise an interface that allowed for easy handling by designers or consumers. This was prioritised before the other related questions such as how the interface would be implemented for online use. A first investigation showed that one group of users wanted maximum control over the form-finding process while another group preferred, somewhat surprisingly, to let the software alone create the product shape. A second investigation confirmed that these two control set-ups were appreciated by the users.

Several business models have been investigated. The possibility to combine aesthetics, tailoring and mass-production systems leads to substantial business opportunities.

Only one product typology has been developed. Beyond furniture, many 2.5-dimensional products can be generated with the help of the studied morphologies; flooring and wall elements, window grates and balustrades, elements of protections such as wind deflectors and noise barriers, etc.Two product prototypes were manufactured from the data that was generated by the software system.

The academic outcomes of the project have been presented in form of two conference papers ("double blind reviewed") and a journal article. The public was exposed to the project results through three exhibitions and the media. Contacts have been established with the industry (design and manufacturing companies) to which the project has been presented. The response has been positive from all parts.

This hypothesis-testing project has shown that the framework can be applied to different types of products and that there are several business models for which it can be profitable. The framework has also several limitations. The development of the computer system is itself time-consuming and requires that the morphologies, materials, and production systems be determined in advance. The interface development is crucial also in order for users to become interested in the system at all. The constraints evaluation and optimisation parts can be also time-consuming and can limit the user's manipulation alternatives.This framework can already be recommended to the industry. Several areas, however, would require a larger research investment. It is necessary first of to perform several case studies at a larger scale to show the framework validity. The contacted companies are interested but at the same time they want references in the form of the mentioned case studies as a proof of validity before any commitment will be considered. The process that a company must adopt in order to implement the proposed strategies must also be studied. This requires the development of a generic process that companies could use as a template.

The studied morphologies are relatively unproblematic to use for simple products. Their adaptation to more complex products can be more difficult. Many morphologies have not been investigated, such as 3D morphologies and their coupling to dynamic systems.

It appears that several companies already use parts of the framework in different contexts. If one wants that Sweden be in the front line in the development of such advanced, high-valued products, it will be necessary to continue investing in research on challenging morphologies and their applications, on effective optimisation systems and on interface issues. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Projektet Renässans 1.5 utgår ifrån det faktum att det i den traditionella produktutvecklingsprocessen normalt krävs flera iterationer i processens olika faser innan man kan nå en acceptabel kompromiss mellan estetiska krav och konstruktions- och tillverkningskrav. Den snabba utvecklingen inom optimeringsteknik och kunskapsbaserad konstruktion gör det möjligt att integrera ett datorbaserat formgivningsverktyg med direkta kopplingar till digital tillverkning som därmed också möjliggör ett effektivt tillfredsställande av ställda konstruktions- och tillverkningskrav. Ett sådant datorbaserat formgivningsverktyg kan dessutom förstärka designprocessen genom användning av avancerade och estetiskt intressanta morfologier från matematiken och... (More)
Projektet Renässans 1.5 utgår ifrån det faktum att det i den traditionella produktutvecklingsprocessen normalt krävs flera iterationer i processens olika faser innan man kan nå en acceptabel kompromiss mellan estetiska krav och konstruktions- och tillverkningskrav. Den snabba utvecklingen inom optimeringsteknik och kunskapsbaserad konstruktion gör det möjligt att integrera ett datorbaserat formgivningsverktyg med direkta kopplingar till digital tillverkning som därmed också möjliggör ett effektivt tillfredsställande av ställda konstruktions- och tillverkningskrav. Ett sådant datorbaserat formgivningsverktyg kan dessutom förstärka designprocessen genom användning av avancerade och estetiskt intressanta morfologier från matematiken och naturen, vilka hittills mest har tagits i bruk inom arkitekturen. Denna starkare integration i kombination med automatisk formgenerering ska i en förlängning kunna ge konsumenten möjlighet att själv aktivt delta i genereringen av designlösningen. En på så sätt förbättrad produktutvecklingsprocess skulle sudda ut gränsen mellan skräddarsydda och massproducerade produkter.

Projekthuvudmålen har varit att testa ett ramverk som förväntas:

1. möjliggöra en ökad integration av produktdesign i produktutvecklingsprocessen,

2. utvidga designerns kreativa repertoar (genom användning av matematiska eller naturinspirerade former), vilka förväntas leda till

3. förbättrade möjligheter till storskalig kundanpassning ("mass-customisation").

Ramverket har testats för en produkttyp, en bokhylla, från koncept till produktionsföreberedelse. Ett datorsystem har därför utvecklats som möjliggör att:

- användarna (designerna eller konsumenterna) ger en egen "input" till systemet i form av produktens kontur, antal fack och material

- val av flera morfologier: Voronoï-diagram, "kinesiska gitter" ("Chinese lattices"), fem- och sexkantiga D1-tessellationer, drakmorfologi ("kite")

- val av material såsom: plywood, rostfritt stål och MDF, med koppling och hantering olika produktionstekniker som bockning och sågning.

- optimering av bokhyllan med fokus på uppfyllandet av konstruktions- och produktionskrav - specifikt kontrolleras strukturhållfastheten m h a FEM,

- framtagning av underlag för produktionen av hyllan.

Utifrån erfarenheterna från projektet kan också rekommendationer ges för organisationer som är intresserade av att utveckla ett liknande system.

Det visade sig, beroende på morfologiernas komplexitet, att den stora svårigheten låg i att utforma ett gränssnitt som både kunde hanteras av designers och konsumenter. Detta prioriterades framför andra frågeställningar, till exempel hur gränssnittet kan implementeras on-line. Undersökningen visade att en kategori av användare ville ha stor kontroll över utformning mellan en annan kategori föredrog, något förvånansvärt, att låta datorsystemet självt skapa produktens form. Det bör påpekas att den senare kategorin dock fortfarande hade friheten att själva välja material, morfologi, och bokhyllans kontur. Ytterligare en undersökning bekräftade att de två sista former av morfologikontroll var tillfredställande.

Flera affärsmodeller har granskats. Möjligheten att kombinera estetik, kundanpassning och masstillverkningssystem gör att ett stort antal affärsmodeller är möjliga.

En produkttypologi har utvecklats. Förutom möbler, så kan många 2,5D produkter formges m h a de studerade morfologierna såsom: golv- och väggelement, fönsterramar och skyddselement i form av vindskydd och bullervallar men också brunnslock, räcken mfl.Två produktprototyper har tillverkats helt utifrån data som genererats av datorsystemet.

Resultaten av projektet har till akademien redovisats i form av två konferenspapper ("double blind reviewed") och en journalartikel. Allmänheten har kunnat ta del av resultaten genom medverkan i tre utställningar och genom medier. Kontakter har också knutits med industri (design- och produktionsföretag) för vilka projektet presenterats. Responsen har varit positiv från alla parter.

Detta hypotesprövningsprojekt har visat att ramverket kan tillämpas till flera olika typer av produkter och att det finns flera affärsmodeller som kan göra användningen av ramverket lönsam. Ramverket visade dock också några begränsningar. Utveckling av datorsystemet i sig är tidskrävande och kräver att urval av morfologier, material och produktionssystem bestäms i förhand. Gränssnittutveckling är också avgörande för att användare överhuvudtaget ska intressera sig för systemet. Optimeringen kan vara tidskrävande vilket kan begränsa de alternativ som användarna kan erbjudas.Det framtagna ramverket kan redan i detta stadium rekommenderas för användning i industrin. Flera områden är dock i behov av ytterligare forskningsinsatser. Det kräver först och främst fler fallstudier i större skala för att visa ramverkets validitet. De kontaktade företagen är intresserade men samtidigt vill de ha referenser i form av nämnda fallstudier som garanti innan en satsning blir aktuellt. Hur företagen ska gå tillväga för att implementera de föreslagna strategierna måste också studeras. Detta kräver att en generisk process utvecklas som företagen ska kunna använda som mall för sitt tillvägagångssätt.

De studerade morfologierna är i sig relativt problemfria att använda för enkla produkter. Anpassningen till mer komplexa produkter kan bli svårare. Många morfologier har inte undersökts, såsom 3D morfologier och morfologins koppling till dynamik.

Det visar sig att flera företag redan använder sig av delar av liknande ramverk i olika sammanhang. Vill man i Sverige bygga upp en kompetens inom denna sektor bör man satsa på fortsatt forskning av utmanande morfologier och deras tillämpningar, samt effektiva optimeringssystem och gränssnittsutveckling. (Less)
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; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Book/Report
publication status
unpublished
subject
keywords
industrial design, evolutionary computing, Renaissance 2.0, tessellations, machine design, maskinkonstruktion
pages
66 pages
publisher
Vinnova
language
English
LU publication?
yes
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9fb1ed62-811a-4018-8d3e-767fe2d4fe82 (old id 1788652)
date added to LUP
2016-04-04 11:23:26
date last changed
2018-11-21 21:04:31
@techreport{9fb1ed62-811a-4018-8d3e-767fe2d4fe82,
  abstract     = {{The Renaissance 1.5 project was based on the observation that in traditional product development, several iterations are needed to obtain a compromise between engineering, manufacturing constraints and aesthetics. The rapid advances in optimisation methods and in knowledge-based engineering (KBE) make it possible to integrate engineering and manufacturing constraints in a computer-based industrial design tool with direct links to digital fabrication, facilitating integration between design, engineering and production. Such a computer-based form-finding tool can moreover strengthen the design process through the use of advanced and aesthetically interesting morphologies from nature and mathematics, which so far have been mainly exploited within architecture. This tighter integration in combination shall in the long run enable consumers to actively participate in the generation of the design solution. Such an enhanced product development process would eventually blur the boundary between consumer-specific tailoring of products and mass-production.<br/><br>
The main goal of the project has been to test a framework that is expected to:<br/><br>
1. allow for a deeper integration of design into the product development process;<br/><br>
2.	widen the creative repertoire of the designer (through the exploitation of forms inspired by nature and/or mathematics), which eventually would also result in <br/><br>
3. improved possibilities for mass-customisation.<br/><br>
The framework has been tested for one product type, shelving, from concept to production preparation. A software system has been developed that provides:<br/><br>
 - users (designers or consumers) with the option to determine: product contour, number of compartments, and material<br/><br>
 - a choice of morphologies: Voronoi diagram, Chinese lattice, D1 pentagon and hexagon tessellations, kite morphology<br/><br>
 - choice of alternative materials: plywood, stainless steel, medium density fibreboard, linked to corresponding production techniques such as bending, cutting, etc.<br/><br>
 - optimisation of shelving with a focus on the satisfaction of engineering and production constraints<br/><br>
 - automated generation of the production preparation documents.<br/><br>
Based on the experiences accumulated in the course of the project, recommendations are also given for organisations that would be interested in the deployment of such a system.<br/><br>
It was discovered that a major issue-related to the complexity of the morphologies - was to devise an interface that allowed for easy handling by designers or consumers. This was prioritised before the other related questions such as how the interface would be implemented for online use. A first investigation showed that one group of users wanted maximum control over the form-finding process while another group preferred, somewhat surprisingly, to let the software alone create the product shape. A second investigation confirmed that these two control set-ups were appreciated by the users.<br/><br>
Several business models have been investigated. The possibility to combine aesthetics, tailoring and mass-production systems leads to substantial business opportunities.<br/><br>
Only one product typology has been developed. Beyond furniture, many 2.5-dimensional products can be generated with the help of the studied morphologies; flooring and wall elements, window grates and balustrades, elements of protections such as wind deflectors and noise barriers, etc.Two product prototypes were manufactured from the data that was generated by the software system.<br/><br>
The academic outcomes of the project have been presented in form of two conference papers ("double blind reviewed") and a journal article. The public was exposed to the project results through three exhibitions and the media. Contacts have been established with the industry (design and manufacturing companies) to which the project has been presented. The response has been positive from all parts.<br/><br>
This hypothesis-testing project has shown that the framework can be applied to different types of products and that there are several business models for which it can be profitable. The framework has also several limitations. The development of the computer system is itself time-consuming and requires that the morphologies, materials, and production systems be determined in advance. The interface development is crucial also in order for users to become interested in the system at all. The constraints evaluation and optimisation parts can be also time-consuming and can limit the user's manipulation alternatives.This framework can already be recommended to the industry. Several areas, however, would require a larger research investment. It is necessary first of to perform several case studies at a larger scale to show the framework validity. The contacted companies are interested but at the same time they want references in the form of the mentioned case studies as a proof of validity before any commitment will be considered. The process that a company must adopt in order to implement the proposed strategies must also be studied. This requires the development of a generic process that companies could use as a template.<br/><br>
The studied morphologies are relatively unproblematic to use for simple products. Their adaptation to more complex products can be more difficult. Many morphologies have not been investigated, such as 3D morphologies and their coupling to dynamic systems.<br/><br>
It appears that several companies already use parts of the framework in different contexts. If one wants that Sweden be in the front line in the development of such advanced, high-valued products, it will be necessary to continue investing in research on challenging morphologies and their applications, on effective optimisation systems and on interface issues.}},
  author       = {{Bjärnemo, Robert and Hopf, Andreas and Motte, Damien and Nikoleris, Giorgos and Nordin, Axel}},
  institution  = {{Vinnova}},
  keywords     = {{industrial design; evolutionary computing; Renaissance 2.0; tessellations; machine design; maskinkonstruktion}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  title        = {{Renaissance 1.5}},
  year         = {{2011}},
}