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Mapuchefolket - i gränsernas land : En studie av autonomi, identitet, etniska gränser och social mobilisering

Cuadra, Sergio LU (2001) In Lund Dissertations in Sociology 38.
Abstract
The new world order, that Castells denominates network society, generates a conflict between the globalisation and identity. In this sense the questions of identity and ethnic boundaries,in Barth’s meaning, emerge as a central subject to understanding societal changes. Globalisation is causing a weakening of the civil society, the relationship between the nation state and the people is also debilitated. New identities arise from this conflict. The resistance identity and the project identity arise, according to Castells, out of the new social movements. The present modernization, the technological, economical and cultural globalisation, has generated a new type of relationship between the Chilean society and the indigenous peoples.... (More)
The new world order, that Castells denominates network society, generates a conflict between the globalisation and identity. In this sense the questions of identity and ethnic boundaries,in Barth’s meaning, emerge as a central subject to understanding societal changes. Globalisation is causing a weakening of the civil society, the relationship between the nation state and the people is also debilitated. New identities arise from this conflict. The resistance identity and the project identity arise, according to Castells, out of the new social movements. The present modernization, the technological, economical and cultural globalisation, has generated a new type of relationship between the Chilean society and the indigenous peoples. Analysing how these new ethnical relationships operates is the central subject in this study. The aim of this study is to understand the processes that occur within the ethnic boundaries which generate the identity of the respective cultures. From this aim, I analyse the discursive social references that the Mapuche use to preserve the boundaries between them and Chilean society. My analysis is concentrated in the political sphere where different Mapuches’ discourses are pronounced. New discourses have been actualised in Mapuches social movement, because of the new social references that have arisen in the identity of Mapuche. Why do Mapuche endeavour to revitalizing the boundaries with the Chilean society? Is globalisation generating a resistance against the tendencies to leave people without boundaries or to erase the boundaries between different types of people? Many such questions can be formulated in this context. Nevertheless, I propose that a close analysis of the historical development of the Mapuche boundaries, especially in the religious, political and social domains, can help us to better understand the rolls and functions of the boundaries in the social life. It is possible to analyse this in different discursive social references. The discursive analysis that I propose departs from the idea that in each discourse exist very clear social references which are generated at the same time from respective symbolic resources which exist in the group. The reactivation of old resources, the generation and appropriation of new symbolic resources, influences, in one way or another, the social references of the group which at the same time can influence the discourses of the same group. All these processes, around the relationship of social references / symbolic resources / discourse, are considered in this study as basic dynamics in the preservation of the boundaries of the ethnic groups, and are fundamental to the existence of the group also. Maintaining boundaries implies a permanent reflective process in which one chooses meanings for its’ own identity within different references. This reflective process occurs in a stress range that characterizes the boundaries of the group. I call this “boundary deliberation” The so-call process of globalisation in the present society generates new situations of boundary deliberation between different cultures. This reflective process in, and on, the ethnic boundaries occurs today between the Mapuches and Chilean society. Autonomy is one of the most important discursive social references in this reflective process. The results of this study were obtained through analyses of the boundary situations generated in the conflict between the Mapuches and the Chilean / western culture. (Less)
Abstract (Swedish)
Popular Abstract
Den nya världsordningen som Castells kallar för nätverksamhälle skapar en konflikt mellan globalisering och identitet. I detta avseende blir frågan om identitet och etniska gränser, i Barths mening, ett centralt tema för att förstå samhällsförändringar. Globaliseringsprocessen håller på att skapa en försvagning av det civila samhället och med detta försvagas också förhållandena mellan nationalstaten och folket. Nya typer av identiteter växer fram inom denna konflikt. Motståndsidentitet och projektidentitet växer enligt Castells fram ur nya sociala rörelser. Dagens modernisering, och med detta menas dagens teknologiska, ekonomiska och kulturella globalisering, har skapat en ny typ av förhållande mellan det... (More)
Popular Abstract
Den nya världsordningen som Castells kallar för nätverksamhälle skapar en konflikt mellan globalisering och identitet. I detta avseende blir frågan om identitet och etniska gränser, i Barths mening, ett centralt tema för att förstå samhällsförändringar. Globaliseringsprocessen håller på att skapa en försvagning av det civila samhället och med detta försvagas också förhållandena mellan nationalstaten och folket. Nya typer av identiteter växer fram inom denna konflikt. Motståndsidentitet och projektidentitet växer enligt Castells fram ur nya sociala rörelser. Dagens modernisering, och med detta menas dagens teknologiska, ekonomiska och kulturella globalisering, har skapat en ny typ av förhållande mellan det chilenska samhället och ursprungsbefolkningen. Att analysera hur dessa nya förhållanden fungerar, är en central fråga för denna studie. Syftet med denna studie är att förstå samspelet vid de etniska gränserna, som skapar identitet i de respektive kulturerna. För detta analyserar författaren de ”diskursiva sociala referenser” som Mapuchefolket använder sig av för att bevara sina gränser mot det chilenska samhället. Den diskursanalys som föreslås utgår från idén om att det i varje diskurs finns klara och tydliga sociala ”referenser” som i sin tur har sitt ursprung i de respektive symboliska ”resurser” som finns inom själva gruppen. Att aktivera gamla resurser, att skapa och tillägna sig nya symboliska resurser påverkar på ett eller annat sätt gruppens sociala referenser vilket i sin tur kan påverka gruppens diskurser och identitet. Hela denna process kring sambandet symbolisk resurs/social referens/diskurs ses i denna studie som den grundläggande dynamiken i etniska gruppers gränsbevarande, och är fundamental för gruppens existens som sådan. Att hålla sina gränser vid liv implicerar en ständigt reflexiv process där man väljer betydelser för den egna identiteten bland en mängd av olika typer av referenser. Denna reflexiva process sker i ett spänningsfält som karakteriserar gruppens gränser. I denna studie kallas detta för ”gränsöverläggning”. I detta sammanhang fokuserar författaren på analysen av den sociopolitiska sfären där olika diskurser från Mapuches sida manifesteras. Nya diskurser har aktualiserats inom Mapuches sociala rörelser och med dessa nya sociala referenser har uppkommit i Mapuchefolkets identitet. Är den så kallade globaliseringsprocessen i dagens samhälle nya gränsöverläggningar mellan olika kulturer? Skapar globaliseringen ett motstånd mot tendenser att göra folket gränslösa eller att sudda bort gränserna mellan olika folk? Varför strävar Mapuchefolket efter att förstärka gränserna mot det chilenska samhället? Man kan ställa olika frågor i denna kontext. Men författaren tror att en närmare analys av den historiska utvecklingen hos Mapuchefolkets gränser, främst på ett religiöst, socialt och politiskt plan, kan hjälpa oss att bättre förstå gränsernas roll och funktion i det sociala livet. Den så kallade globaliseringsprocessen i dagens samhälle skapar nya gränsöverläggningar mellan olika kulturer. En omfattande gränsöverläggning sker idag mellan Mapuche och det chilenska samhället och detta kan analyseras i olika diskursiva sociala referenser och en av de viktigaste är autonomi. Studiens resultat nåddes genom en analys av de gränssituationer som skapas i konflikten mellan Mapuche och den chilenska/västerländska kulturen. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
supervisor
opponent
  • Ph. Dr. Olsson, Erik, Linköping University
organization
alternative title
The Mapuche people - in the Land of Borders : A study of Autonomy, Identity, Ethnic Borders, and Social Mobilisation
publishing date
type
Thesis
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Autonomy, Indigenism, Indianism, discursive social references, stress range, Identity and ethnic boundaries, boundary deliberation, Mapuches social movement., Sociology, Sociologi
in
Lund Dissertations in Sociology
volume
38
pages
247 pages
publisher
Department of Sociology, Lund University
defense location
Carolinasalen, Lund, Sweden
defense date
2001-09-08 10:15:00
external identifiers
  • other:ISRN: LUSADG/SASO--01/1138--SE
ISSN
1102-4712
ISBN
91-7267-096-7
language
Swedish
LU publication?
yes
id
c1156eb9-faee-4c2d-8516-3f55219759cb (old id 20313)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 16:08:40
date last changed
2019-09-26 10:50:05
@phdthesis{c1156eb9-faee-4c2d-8516-3f55219759cb,
  abstract     = {{The new world order, that Castells denominates network society, generates a conflict between the globalisation and identity. In this sense the questions of identity and ethnic boundaries,in Barth’s meaning, emerge as a central subject to understanding societal changes. Globalisation is causing a weakening of the civil society, the relationship between the nation state and the people is also debilitated. New identities arise from this conflict. The resistance identity and the project identity arise, according to Castells, out of the new social movements. The present modernization, the technological, economical and cultural globalisation, has generated a new type of relationship between the Chilean society and the indigenous peoples. Analysing how these new ethnical relationships operates is the central subject in this study. The aim of this study is to understand the processes that occur within the ethnic boundaries which generate the identity of the respective cultures. From this aim, I analyse the discursive social references that the Mapuche use to preserve the boundaries between them and Chilean society. My analysis is concentrated in the political sphere where different Mapuches’ discourses are pronounced. New discourses have been actualised in Mapuches social movement, because of the new social references that have arisen in the identity of Mapuche. Why do Mapuche endeavour to revitalizing the boundaries with the Chilean society? Is globalisation generating a resistance against the tendencies to leave people without boundaries or to erase the boundaries between different types of people? Many such questions can be formulated in this context. Nevertheless, I propose that a close analysis of the historical development of the Mapuche boundaries, especially in the religious, political and social domains, can help us to better understand the rolls and functions of the boundaries in the social life. It is possible to analyse this in different discursive social references. The discursive analysis that I propose departs from the idea that in each discourse exist very clear social references which are generated at the same time from respective symbolic resources which exist in the group. The reactivation of old resources, the generation and appropriation of new symbolic resources, influences, in one way or another, the social references of the group which at the same time can influence the discourses of the same group. All these processes, around the relationship of social references / symbolic resources / discourse, are considered in this study as basic dynamics in the preservation of the boundaries of the ethnic groups, and are fundamental to the existence of the group also. Maintaining boundaries implies a permanent reflective process in which one chooses meanings for its’ own identity within different references. This reflective process occurs in a stress range that characterizes the boundaries of the group. I call this “boundary deliberation” The so-call process of globalisation in the present society generates new situations of boundary deliberation between different cultures. This reflective process in, and on, the ethnic boundaries occurs today between the Mapuches and Chilean society. Autonomy is one of the most important discursive social references in this reflective process. The results of this study were obtained through analyses of the boundary situations generated in the conflict between the Mapuches and the Chilean / western culture.}},
  author       = {{Cuadra, Sergio}},
  isbn         = {{91-7267-096-7}},
  issn         = {{1102-4712}},
  keywords     = {{Autonomy; Indigenism; Indianism; discursive social references; stress range; Identity and ethnic boundaries; boundary deliberation; Mapuches social movement.; Sociology; Sociologi}},
  language     = {{swe}},
  publisher    = {{Department of Sociology, Lund University}},
  school       = {{Lund University}},
  series       = {{Lund Dissertations in Sociology}},
  title        = {{Mapuchefolket - i gränsernas land : En studie av autonomi, identitet, etniska gränser och social mobilisering}},
  volume       = {{38}},
  year         = {{2001}},
}