Snus and Cardiometabolic Health Markers Among Swedish Young Adults
Zettergren, Anna ; Andersson, Niklas LU
; Pershagen, Göran
; Lindh, Christian
LU
; Georgelis, Antonios
; Kull, Inger
; Melén, Erik
; Ekström, Sandra
; Ljungman, Petter
and Bergström, Anna
(2025)
In Nicotine and Tobacco Research
27(6).
p.1098-1108
- Abstract
Introduction: Snus is suggested as a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, but little is known about health effects in young populations, particularly in women. We aimed to investigate associations between snus and cardiometabolic health markers among young men and women. Aims and Methods: This study was conducted within the BAMSE (Swedish acronym for Children, Allergy, Environment, Stockholm, Epidemiology) birth cohort and included participants followed up around 24 years (n = 2256) and 26 years (n = 1011). Snus use was assessed at 24 years by questionnaires. Cardiometabolic health markers were recorded at clinical examinations at 24 and 26 years. Associations between snus use and cardiometabolic markers were assessed by... (More)
Introduction: Snus is suggested as a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, but little is known about health effects in young populations, particularly in women. We aimed to investigate associations between snus and cardiometabolic health markers among young men and women. Aims and Methods: This study was conducted within the BAMSE (Swedish acronym for Children, Allergy, Environment, Stockholm, Epidemiology) birth cohort and included participants followed up around 24 years (n = 2256) and 26 years (n = 1011). Snus use was assessed at 24 years by questionnaires. Cardiometabolic health markers were recorded at clinical examinations at 24 and 26 years. Associations between snus use and cardiometabolic markers were assessed by multivariable linear regression. Results: Snus was used by 6.4% (n = 81) among women and 21.9% (n = 219) among men. Compared to no tobacco use, daily exclusive snus use among women at 24 years was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (adjusted β: 1.93 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54, 3.33) and waist circumference (WC) (aβ: 3.80 cm, 95% CI = 0.41, 7.18) at 24 years, and with higher BMI (aβ: 2.73 kg/m2, 95% CI = 0.53 to 4.93) at 26 years. Among men, using ≥4 cans/week was associated with increased BMI (aβ: 2.48 kg/m2, 95% CI = 0.73, 4.24) and a tendency toward increased body fat (aβ: 2.31%, 95% CI = −0.53, 5.14) at 26 years. Snus use was not associated with glycemic status or blood pressure. Conclusions: Our results suggest that snus is associated with increased BMI, and possibly other measures of adiposity, among young women and heavy-using young men. Given the cross-sectional study design, the results should be interpreted with caution. Implications: We found cross-sectional associations between snus use and measures of increased adiposity in a cohort of Swedish young adults, including BMI and WC among women and BMI among heavy snus-using men. We did not find associations between snus use and body fat %, glycemic status, or blood pressure. This is one of few studies to investigate the health effect of snus among both women and men as well as cardiometabolic health markers in young adults. Given the recent trends of increased snus use among young adults, our findings highlight the need for further research on snus on cardiometabolic health.
(Less)
- author
- Zettergren, Anna
; Andersson, Niklas
LU
; Pershagen, Göran
; Lindh, Christian
LU
; Georgelis, Antonios
; Kull, Inger
; Melén, Erik
; Ekström, Sandra
; Ljungman, Petter
and Bergström, Anna
- organization
- publishing date
- 2025-06-01
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Nicotine and Tobacco Research
- volume
- 27
- issue
- 6
- pages
- 1098 - 1108
- publisher
- Oxford University Press
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:105005883490
- pmid:39546376
- ISSN
- 1462-2203
- DOI
- 10.1093/ntr/ntae267
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- additional info
- Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.
- id
- 2bb7f473-bee7-43c2-ac75-60b98a789a22
- date added to LUP
- 2025-07-14 14:52:46
- date last changed
- 2025-07-17 16:20:18
@article{2bb7f473-bee7-43c2-ac75-60b98a789a22,
abstract = {{<p>Introduction: Snus is suggested as a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, but little is known about health effects in young populations, particularly in women. We aimed to investigate associations between snus and cardiometabolic health markers among young men and women. Aims and Methods: This study was conducted within the BAMSE (Swedish acronym for Children, Allergy, Environment, Stockholm, Epidemiology) birth cohort and included participants followed up around 24 years (n = 2256) and 26 years (n = 1011). Snus use was assessed at 24 years by questionnaires. Cardiometabolic health markers were recorded at clinical examinations at 24 and 26 years. Associations between snus use and cardiometabolic markers were assessed by multivariable linear regression. Results: Snus was used by 6.4% (n = 81) among women and 21.9% (n = 219) among men. Compared to no tobacco use, daily exclusive snus use among women at 24 years was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (adjusted β: 1.93 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54, 3.33) and waist circumference (WC) (aβ: 3.80 cm, 95% CI = 0.41, 7.18) at 24 years, and with higher BMI (aβ: 2.73 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI = 0.53 to 4.93) at 26 years. Among men, using ≥4 cans/week was associated with increased BMI (aβ: 2.48 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI = 0.73, 4.24) and a tendency toward increased body fat (aβ: 2.31%, 95% CI = −0.53, 5.14) at 26 years. Snus use was not associated with glycemic status or blood pressure. Conclusions: Our results suggest that snus is associated with increased BMI, and possibly other measures of adiposity, among young women and heavy-using young men. Given the cross-sectional study design, the results should be interpreted with caution. Implications: We found cross-sectional associations between snus use and measures of increased adiposity in a cohort of Swedish young adults, including BMI and WC among women and BMI among heavy snus-using men. We did not find associations between snus use and body fat %, glycemic status, or blood pressure. This is one of few studies to investigate the health effect of snus among both women and men as well as cardiometabolic health markers in young adults. Given the recent trends of increased snus use among young adults, our findings highlight the need for further research on snus on cardiometabolic health.</p>}},
author = {{Zettergren, Anna and Andersson, Niklas and Pershagen, Göran and Lindh, Christian and Georgelis, Antonios and Kull, Inger and Melén, Erik and Ekström, Sandra and Ljungman, Petter and Bergström, Anna}},
issn = {{1462-2203}},
language = {{eng}},
month = {{06}},
number = {{6}},
pages = {{1098--1108}},
publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
series = {{Nicotine and Tobacco Research}},
title = {{Snus and Cardiometabolic Health Markers Among Swedish Young Adults}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntae267}},
doi = {{10.1093/ntr/ntae267}},
volume = {{27}},
year = {{2025}},
}