The relationship between cadmium in kidney and cadmium in urine and blood in an environmentally exposed population
(2013) In Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 268(3). p.286-293- Abstract
- Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to the kidney and a major part of the body burden occurs here. Cd in urine (U-Cd) and blood (B-Cd) are widely-used biomarkers for assessing Cd exposure or body burden. However, empirical general population data on the relationship between Cd in kidney (K-Cd), urine, and blood are scarce. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between cadmium in kidney, urine, and blood, and calculate the elimination half-time of Cd from the kidney. Methods: Kidney cortex biopsies, urine, and blood samples were collected from 109 living kidney donors. Cd concentrations were determined and the relationships between K-Cd, U-Cd, and B-Cd were investigated in regression models. The half-time of K-Cd was estimated... (More)
- Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to the kidney and a major part of the body burden occurs here. Cd in urine (U-Cd) and blood (B-Cd) are widely-used biomarkers for assessing Cd exposure or body burden. However, empirical general population data on the relationship between Cd in kidney (K-Cd), urine, and blood are scarce. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between cadmium in kidney, urine, and blood, and calculate the elimination half-time of Cd from the kidney. Methods: Kidney cortex biopsies, urine, and blood samples were collected from 109 living kidney donors. Cd concentrations were determined and the relationships between K-Cd, U-Cd, and B-Cd were investigated in regression models. The half-time of K-Cd was estimated from the elimination constant. Results: There was a strong association between K-Cd and U-Cd adjusted for creatinine (r(p) = 0.70, p < 0.001), while the association with B-Cd was weaker (r(p) = 0.44, p < 0.001). The relationship between K-Cd and U-Cd was nonlinear, with slower elimination of Cd at high K-Cd. Estimates of the K-Cd half-time varied between 18 and 44 years. A K-Cd of 25 mu g/g corresponds to U-Cd of 0.42 mu g/g creatinine in overnight urine (U-Cd/K-Cd ratio: about 1:60). Multivariate models showed Cd in blood and urinary albumin as determinants for U-Cd excretion. Discussion: In healthy individuals with low-level Cd exposure, there was a strong correlation between Cd in kidney and urine, especially after adjustment for creatinine. Urinary Cd was also affected by Cd in blood and urinary albumin. Previous estimates of the U-Cd/K-Cd ratio may underestimate K-Cd at low U-Cd. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (Less)
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https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/3739026
- author
- Akerstrom, Magnus ; Barregard, Lars ; Lundh, Thomas LU and Sallsten, Gerd
- organization
- publishing date
- 2013
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Biological half-time, Biomonitoring, Cadmium, General population, Kidney, Relationship
- in
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
- volume
- 268
- issue
- 3
- pages
- 286 - 293
- publisher
- Academic Press
- external identifiers
-
- wos:000317795300005
- scopus:84875311806
- pmid:23454399
- ISSN
- 1096-0333
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.009
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 525106dd-fb51-4efe-9b86-5d5baea6f1d8 (old id 3739026)
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 14:02:18
- date last changed
- 2022-04-22 01:00:33
@article{525106dd-fb51-4efe-9b86-5d5baea6f1d8, abstract = {{Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to the kidney and a major part of the body burden occurs here. Cd in urine (U-Cd) and blood (B-Cd) are widely-used biomarkers for assessing Cd exposure or body burden. However, empirical general population data on the relationship between Cd in kidney (K-Cd), urine, and blood are scarce. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between cadmium in kidney, urine, and blood, and calculate the elimination half-time of Cd from the kidney. Methods: Kidney cortex biopsies, urine, and blood samples were collected from 109 living kidney donors. Cd concentrations were determined and the relationships between K-Cd, U-Cd, and B-Cd were investigated in regression models. The half-time of K-Cd was estimated from the elimination constant. Results: There was a strong association between K-Cd and U-Cd adjusted for creatinine (r(p) = 0.70, p < 0.001), while the association with B-Cd was weaker (r(p) = 0.44, p < 0.001). The relationship between K-Cd and U-Cd was nonlinear, with slower elimination of Cd at high K-Cd. Estimates of the K-Cd half-time varied between 18 and 44 years. A K-Cd of 25 mu g/g corresponds to U-Cd of 0.42 mu g/g creatinine in overnight urine (U-Cd/K-Cd ratio: about 1:60). Multivariate models showed Cd in blood and urinary albumin as determinants for U-Cd excretion. Discussion: In healthy individuals with low-level Cd exposure, there was a strong correlation between Cd in kidney and urine, especially after adjustment for creatinine. Urinary Cd was also affected by Cd in blood and urinary albumin. Previous estimates of the U-Cd/K-Cd ratio may underestimate K-Cd at low U-Cd. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}}, author = {{Akerstrom, Magnus and Barregard, Lars and Lundh, Thomas and Sallsten, Gerd}}, issn = {{1096-0333}}, keywords = {{Biological half-time; Biomonitoring; Cadmium; General population; Kidney; Relationship}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{286--293}}, publisher = {{Academic Press}}, series = {{Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology}}, title = {{The relationship between cadmium in kidney and cadmium in urine and blood in an environmentally exposed population}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.009}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.009}}, volume = {{268}}, year = {{2013}}, }