Skip to main content

Lund University Publications

LUND UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Extreme altitude changes between night and day during marathon flights of great snipes

Lindström, Åke LU orcid ; Alerstam, Thomas LU ; Andersson, Arne LU orcid ; Bäckman, Johan LU orcid ; Bahlenberg, Peter ; Bom, Roeland ; Ekblom, Robert ; Klaassen, Raymond H.G. LU ; Korniluk, Michał and Sjöberg, Sissel LU , et al. (2021) In Current Biology 31(15). p.3433-3439
Abstract
Summary Several factors affect the flight altitude of migratory birds, such as topography, ambient temperature, wind conditions, air humidity, predation avoidance, landmark orientation, and avoiding over-heating from direct sunlight.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Recent tracking of migratory birds over long distances has shown that migrants change flight altitude more commonly and dramatically than previously thought.4, 5, 6, 7, 8 The reasons behind these altitude changes are not well understood. In their seasonal migrations between Sweden and sub-Saharan Africa, great snipes Gallinago media make non-stop flights of 4,000–7,000 km, lasting 60–90 h.9,10 Activity and air pressure data from multisensor dataloggers showed that great snipes repeatedly... (More)
Summary Several factors affect the flight altitude of migratory birds, such as topography, ambient temperature, wind conditions, air humidity, predation avoidance, landmark orientation, and avoiding over-heating from direct sunlight.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Recent tracking of migratory birds over long distances has shown that migrants change flight altitude more commonly and dramatically than previously thought.4, 5, 6, 7, 8 The reasons behind these altitude changes are not well understood. In their seasonal migrations between Sweden and sub-Saharan Africa, great snipes Gallinago media make non-stop flights of 4,000–7,000 km, lasting 60–90 h.9,10 Activity and air pressure data from multisensor dataloggers showed that great snipes repeatedly changed altitudes around dawn and dusk, between average cruising heights about 2,000 m (above sea level) at night and around 4,000 m during daytime. Frequency and autocorrelation analyses corroborated a conspicuous diel cycle in flight altitude. Most birds regularly flew at 6,000 m and one bird reached 8,700 m, possibly the highest altitude ever recorded for an identified migrating bird. The diel altitude changes took place independently of climate zone, topography, and habitat overflown. Ambient temperature, wind condition, and humidity have no important diel variation at the high altitudes chosen by great snipes. Instead, improved view for orientation by landmarks, predator avoidance, and not least, seeking cold altitudes at day to counteract heating from direct sunlight are the most plausible explanations for the diel altitude cycle. Together with similar recent findings for a small songbird,6 the great snipes’ altitudinal performance sheds new light on the complexity and challenges of migratory flights. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and , et al. (More)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; and (Less)
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
wader, shorebird, migration, flight altitude, diel altitude cycle, circadian pattern, multisensor dataloggers
in
Current Biology
volume
31
issue
15
pages
3433 - 3439
publisher
Elsevier
external identifiers
  • scopus:85111923535
  • pmid:34197730
ISSN
0960-9822
DOI
10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.047
project
Världens snabbaste flyttfågel - hur går det egentligen till?
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
3cf692c9-cc86-4893-b3bd-de189451fd56
alternative location
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982221007454
date added to LUP
2021-08-09 13:05:51
date last changed
2023-02-21 10:45:28
@article{3cf692c9-cc86-4893-b3bd-de189451fd56,
  abstract     = {{Summary Several factors affect the flight altitude of migratory birds, such as topography, ambient temperature, wind conditions, air humidity, predation avoidance, landmark orientation, and avoiding over-heating from direct sunlight.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Recent tracking of migratory birds over long distances has shown that migrants change flight altitude more commonly and dramatically than previously thought.4, 5, 6, 7, 8 The reasons behind these altitude changes are not well understood. In their seasonal migrations between Sweden and sub-Saharan Africa, great snipes Gallinago media make non-stop flights of 4,000–7,000 km, lasting 60–90 h.9,10 Activity and air pressure data from multisensor dataloggers showed that great snipes repeatedly changed altitudes around dawn and dusk, between average cruising heights about 2,000 m (above sea level) at night and around 4,000 m during daytime. Frequency and autocorrelation analyses corroborated a conspicuous diel cycle in flight altitude. Most birds regularly flew at 6,000 m and one bird reached 8,700 m, possibly the highest altitude ever recorded for an identified migrating bird. The diel altitude changes took place independently of climate zone, topography, and habitat overflown. Ambient temperature, wind condition, and humidity have no important diel variation at the high altitudes chosen by great snipes. Instead, improved view for orientation by landmarks, predator avoidance, and not least, seeking cold altitudes at day to counteract heating from direct sunlight are the most plausible explanations for the diel altitude cycle. Together with similar recent findings for a small songbird,6 the great snipes’ altitudinal performance sheds new light on the complexity and challenges of migratory flights.}},
  author       = {{Lindström, Åke and Alerstam, Thomas and Andersson, Arne and Bäckman, Johan and Bahlenberg, Peter and Bom, Roeland and Ekblom, Robert and Klaassen, Raymond H.G. and Korniluk, Michał and Sjöberg, Sissel and Weber, Julia K.M.}},
  issn         = {{0960-9822}},
  keywords     = {{wader; shorebird; migration; flight altitude; diel altitude cycle; circadian pattern; multisensor dataloggers}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{08}},
  number       = {{15}},
  pages        = {{3433--3439}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  series       = {{Current Biology}},
  title        = {{Extreme altitude changes between night and day during marathon flights of great snipes}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.047}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.047}},
  volume       = {{31}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}