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A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed: norm-referenced criteria for 121 Italian adults aged 45 to 90 years.

Petrazzuoli, Ferdinando LU orcid ; Palmqvist, Sebastian LU orcid ; Thulesius, Hans LU ; Buono, Nicola ; Pirrotta, Enzo ; Cuffari, Alfredo ; Cambielli, Marco ; D'Urso, Maurizio ; Farinaro, Carmine and Chiumeo, Francesco , et al. (2014) In International Psychogeriatrics 26(9). p.1493-1500
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) is a brief test that can identify cognitive impairment. AQT has been validated in Arabic, English, Greek, Japanese, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish. The aim of this study was to develop Italian criterion-referenced norms for AQT. Methods: AQT consists of three test plates where the patient shall rapidly name (1) the color of 40 blue, red, yellow, or black squares (AQT color), (2) the form of 40 black figures (circles, squares, triangles, or rectangles; AQT form), (3) the color and form of 40 figures (consisting of previous colors and forms; AQT color-form). The AQT test was administered to 121 Italian cognitively healthy primary care patients (age range: 45-90 years). Their mean... (More)
ABSTRACT Background: A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) is a brief test that can identify cognitive impairment. AQT has been validated in Arabic, English, Greek, Japanese, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish. The aim of this study was to develop Italian criterion-referenced norms for AQT. Methods: AQT consists of three test plates where the patient shall rapidly name (1) the color of 40 blue, red, yellow, or black squares (AQT color), (2) the form of 40 black figures (circles, squares, triangles, or rectangles; AQT form), (3) the color and form of 40 figures (consisting of previous colors and forms; AQT color-form). The AQT test was administered to 121 Italian cognitively healthy primary care patients (age range: 45-90 years). Their mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 28.8 ± 0.9 points (range 26-30 points). AQT naming times in seconds were used for developing preliminary criterion cut-off times for different age groups. Results: Age was found to have a significant moderate positive correlation with AQT naming times color (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), form (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), color-form (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) and a moderate negative correlation with MMSE score (r = -0.44, p < 0.001) and AQT naming times differed significantly between younger (45-55 years old), older (56-70 years old), and the oldest (71-90 years old) participants. Years of education correlated positively but weakly with MMSE score (r = 0.27, p = 0.003) and negatively but weakly with AQT color (r = -0.16, p = ns), form (r = -0.24, p = 0.007), and color-form (r = -0.19, p = 0.005). We established preliminary cut-off times for the AQT test based on +1 and +2 standard deviations according to the approach in other languages and settings. Conclusions: This is the first Italian normative AQT study. Future studies of AQT - a test useful for dementia screening in primary care - will eventually refine cut-off times for normality balancing sensitivity and specificity in cognitive diagnostics. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
International Psychogeriatrics
volume
26
issue
9
pages
1493 - 1500
publisher
Cambridge University Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:24810919
  • wos:000341780900011
  • scopus:84911416682
  • pmid:24810919
ISSN
1741-203X
DOI
10.1017/S1041610214000787
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
531a3153-a203-4635-85cc-1719f6d0cc78 (old id 4455639)
alternative location
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24810919?dopt=Abstract
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 10:31:53
date last changed
2022-03-04 20:26:32
@article{531a3153-a203-4635-85cc-1719f6d0cc78,
  abstract     = {{ABSTRACT Background: A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) is a brief test that can identify cognitive impairment. AQT has been validated in Arabic, English, Greek, Japanese, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish. The aim of this study was to develop Italian criterion-referenced norms for AQT. Methods: AQT consists of three test plates where the patient shall rapidly name (1) the color of 40 blue, red, yellow, or black squares (AQT color), (2) the form of 40 black figures (circles, squares, triangles, or rectangles; AQT form), (3) the color and form of 40 figures (consisting of previous colors and forms; AQT color-form). The AQT test was administered to 121 Italian cognitively healthy primary care patients (age range: 45-90 years). Their mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was 28.8 ± 0.9 points (range 26-30 points). AQT naming times in seconds were used for developing preliminary criterion cut-off times for different age groups. Results: Age was found to have a significant moderate positive correlation with AQT naming times color (r = 0.65, p &lt; 0.001), form (r = 0.53, p &lt; 0.001), color-form (r = 0.63, p &lt; 0.001) and a moderate negative correlation with MMSE score (r = -0.44, p &lt; 0.001) and AQT naming times differed significantly between younger (45-55 years old), older (56-70 years old), and the oldest (71-90 years old) participants. Years of education correlated positively but weakly with MMSE score (r = 0.27, p = 0.003) and negatively but weakly with AQT color (r = -0.16, p = ns), form (r = -0.24, p = 0.007), and color-form (r = -0.19, p = 0.005). We established preliminary cut-off times for the AQT test based on +1 and +2 standard deviations according to the approach in other languages and settings. Conclusions: This is the first Italian normative AQT study. Future studies of AQT - a test useful for dementia screening in primary care - will eventually refine cut-off times for normality balancing sensitivity and specificity in cognitive diagnostics.}},
  author       = {{Petrazzuoli, Ferdinando and Palmqvist, Sebastian and Thulesius, Hans and Buono, Nicola and Pirrotta, Enzo and Cuffari, Alfredo and Cambielli, Marco and D'Urso, Maurizio and Farinaro, Carmine and Chiumeo, Francesco and Marsala, Valerio and Wiig, Elisabeth H}},
  issn         = {{1741-203X}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{1493--1500}},
  publisher    = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  series       = {{International Psychogeriatrics}},
  title        = {{A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed: norm-referenced criteria for 121 Italian adults aged 45 to 90 years.}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610214000787}},
  doi          = {{10.1017/S1041610214000787}},
  volume       = {{26}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}