Stability assessment of p-i-n perovskite photovoltaic mini-modules utilizing different top metal electrodes
(2021) In Micromachines 12(4).- Abstract
Long-term stability is one of the major challenges for p-i-n type perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of fully laser-patterned series interconnected p-i-n perovskite mini-modules, in which either single Cu or Ag layers are compared with Cu/Au metalbilayer top electrodes. According to the scanning electron microscopy measurements, we found that Cu or Ag top electrodes often exhibit flaking of the metal upon P3 (top contact removal) laser patterning. For Cu/Au bilayer top electrodes, metal flaking may cause intermittent short-circuits between interconnected sub-cells during operation, resulting in fluctuations in the maximum power point (MPP). Here, we demonstrate Cu/Au metal-bilayer-based PSMs with an... (More)
Long-term stability is one of the major challenges for p-i-n type perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of fully laser-patterned series interconnected p-i-n perovskite mini-modules, in which either single Cu or Ag layers are compared with Cu/Au metalbilayer top electrodes. According to the scanning electron microscopy measurements, we found that Cu or Ag top electrodes often exhibit flaking of the metal upon P3 (top contact removal) laser patterning. For Cu/Au bilayer top electrodes, metal flaking may cause intermittent short-circuits between interconnected sub-cells during operation, resulting in fluctuations in the maximum power point (MPP). Here, we demonstrate Cu/Au metal-bilayer-based PSMs with an efficiency of 18.9% on an active area of 2.2 cm2 under continuous 1-sun illumination. This work highlights the importance of optimizing the top-contact composition to tackle the operational stability of mini-modules, and could help to improve the feasibility of large-area module deployment for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics.
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- author
- Dagar, Janardan ; Paramasivam, Gopinath ; Klimm, Carola ; Fenske, Markus ; Schultz, Christof ; Schlatmann, Rutger ; Stegemann, Bert and Unger, Eva LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2021-04-01
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Electrode, Flakes, Maximum power point, Module, Perovskite, Self-assembled monolayer, Stability
- in
- Micromachines
- volume
- 12
- issue
- 4
- article number
- 423
- publisher
- MDPI AG
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85105017312
- pmid:33924368
- ISSN
- 2072-666X
- DOI
- 10.3390/mi12040423
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 44ea0973-3a0c-4c88-9659-8cdc3b7c58ca
- date added to LUP
- 2021-05-17 15:20:31
- date last changed
- 2024-07-27 15:44:09
@article{44ea0973-3a0c-4c88-9659-8cdc3b7c58ca, abstract = {{<p>Long-term stability is one of the major challenges for p-i-n type perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of fully laser-patterned series interconnected p-i-n perovskite mini-modules, in which either single Cu or Ag layers are compared with Cu/Au metalbilayer top electrodes. According to the scanning electron microscopy measurements, we found that Cu or Ag top electrodes often exhibit flaking of the metal upon P3 (top contact removal) laser patterning. For Cu/Au bilayer top electrodes, metal flaking may cause intermittent short-circuits between interconnected sub-cells during operation, resulting in fluctuations in the maximum power point (MPP). Here, we demonstrate Cu/Au metal-bilayer-based PSMs with an efficiency of 18.9% on an active area of 2.2 cm<sup>2</sup> under continuous 1-sun illumination. This work highlights the importance of optimizing the top-contact composition to tackle the operational stability of mini-modules, and could help to improve the feasibility of large-area module deployment for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics.</p>}}, author = {{Dagar, Janardan and Paramasivam, Gopinath and Klimm, Carola and Fenske, Markus and Schultz, Christof and Schlatmann, Rutger and Stegemann, Bert and Unger, Eva}}, issn = {{2072-666X}}, keywords = {{Electrode; Flakes; Maximum power point; Module; Perovskite; Self-assembled monolayer; Stability}}, language = {{eng}}, month = {{04}}, number = {{4}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, series = {{Micromachines}}, title = {{Stability assessment of p-i-n perovskite photovoltaic mini-modules utilizing different top metal electrodes}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040423}}, doi = {{10.3390/mi12040423}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2021}}, }