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Stability assessment of p-i-n perovskite photovoltaic mini-modules utilizing different top metal electrodes

Dagar, Janardan ; Paramasivam, Gopinath ; Klimm, Carola ; Fenske, Markus ; Schultz, Christof ; Schlatmann, Rutger ; Stegemann, Bert and Unger, Eva LU (2021) In Micromachines 12(4).
Abstract

Long-term stability is one of the major challenges for p-i-n type perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of fully laser-patterned series interconnected p-i-n perovskite mini-modules, in which either single Cu or Ag layers are compared with Cu/Au metalbilayer top electrodes. According to the scanning electron microscopy measurements, we found that Cu or Ag top electrodes often exhibit flaking of the metal upon P3 (top contact removal) laser patterning. For Cu/Au bilayer top electrodes, metal flaking may cause intermittent short-circuits between interconnected sub-cells during operation, resulting in fluctuations in the maximum power point (MPP). Here, we demonstrate Cu/Au metal-bilayer-based PSMs with an... (More)

Long-term stability is one of the major challenges for p-i-n type perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of fully laser-patterned series interconnected p-i-n perovskite mini-modules, in which either single Cu or Ag layers are compared with Cu/Au metalbilayer top electrodes. According to the scanning electron microscopy measurements, we found that Cu or Ag top electrodes often exhibit flaking of the metal upon P3 (top contact removal) laser patterning. For Cu/Au bilayer top electrodes, metal flaking may cause intermittent short-circuits between interconnected sub-cells during operation, resulting in fluctuations in the maximum power point (MPP). Here, we demonstrate Cu/Au metal-bilayer-based PSMs with an efficiency of 18.9% on an active area of 2.2 cm2 under continuous 1-sun illumination. This work highlights the importance of optimizing the top-contact composition to tackle the operational stability of mini-modules, and could help to improve the feasibility of large-area module deployment for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Electrode, Flakes, Maximum power point, Module, Perovskite, Self-assembled monolayer, Stability
in
Micromachines
volume
12
issue
4
article number
423
publisher
MDPI AG
external identifiers
  • scopus:85105017312
  • pmid:33924368
ISSN
2072-666X
DOI
10.3390/mi12040423
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
44ea0973-3a0c-4c88-9659-8cdc3b7c58ca
date added to LUP
2021-05-17 15:20:31
date last changed
2024-07-27 15:44:09
@article{44ea0973-3a0c-4c88-9659-8cdc3b7c58ca,
  abstract     = {{<p>Long-term stability is one of the major challenges for p-i-n type perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of fully laser-patterned series interconnected p-i-n perovskite mini-modules, in which either single Cu or Ag layers are compared with Cu/Au metalbilayer top electrodes. According to the scanning electron microscopy measurements, we found that Cu or Ag top electrodes often exhibit flaking of the metal upon P3 (top contact removal) laser patterning. For Cu/Au bilayer top electrodes, metal flaking may cause intermittent short-circuits between interconnected sub-cells during operation, resulting in fluctuations in the maximum power point (MPP). Here, we demonstrate Cu/Au metal-bilayer-based PSMs with an efficiency of 18.9% on an active area of 2.2 cm<sup>2</sup> under continuous 1-sun illumination. This work highlights the importance of optimizing the top-contact composition to tackle the operational stability of mini-modules, and could help to improve the feasibility of large-area module deployment for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics.</p>}},
  author       = {{Dagar, Janardan and Paramasivam, Gopinath and Klimm, Carola and Fenske, Markus and Schultz, Christof and Schlatmann, Rutger and Stegemann, Bert and Unger, Eva}},
  issn         = {{2072-666X}},
  keywords     = {{Electrode; Flakes; Maximum power point; Module; Perovskite; Self-assembled monolayer; Stability}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{04}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  series       = {{Micromachines}},
  title        = {{Stability assessment of p-i-n perovskite photovoltaic mini-modules utilizing different top metal electrodes}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040423}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/mi12040423}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}