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The geographical distribution of the family-genetic risk score for drug use disorder in Sweden and its co-localization with areas of social deprivation

Kendler, Kenneth S ; Mansourian, Ali LU orcid ; Zhao, Pengxiang LU ; Ohlsson, Henrik LU ; Stewart, Kathleen ; Sundquist, Jan LU ; Malmberg, Bo and Sundquist, Kristina LU (2024) In Psychological Medicine 54(15). p.4419-4428
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Drug use Disorder (DUD), the risk for which is substantially influenced by both genetic and social factors, is geographically concentrated in high-risk regions. An important step toward understanding this pattern is to examine geographical distributions of the genetic liability to DUD and a key demographic risk factor - social deprivation.

METHODS: We calculated the mean family genetic risk score (FGRS) for DUD ((FGRS DUD) and social deprivation for each of the 5983 areas Demographic Statistical Areas (DeSO) for all of Sweden and used geospatial techniques to analyze and map these factors.

RESULTS: Using 2018 data, substantial spatial heterogeneity was seen in the distribution of the genetic risk for DUD in... (More)

BACKGROUND: Drug use Disorder (DUD), the risk for which is substantially influenced by both genetic and social factors, is geographically concentrated in high-risk regions. An important step toward understanding this pattern is to examine geographical distributions of the genetic liability to DUD and a key demographic risk factor - social deprivation.

METHODS: We calculated the mean family genetic risk score (FGRS) for DUD ((FGRS DUD) and social deprivation for each of the 5983 areas Demographic Statistical Areas (DeSO) for all of Sweden and used geospatial techniques to analyze and map these factors.

RESULTS: Using 2018 data, substantial spatial heterogeneity was seen in the distribution of the genetic risk for DUD in Sweden as a whole and in its three major urban centers which was confirmed by hot-spot analyses. Across DeSOs, FGRS DUD and s.d. levels were substantially but imperfectly correlated ( r = + 0.63), with more scattering at higher FGRS DUD and s.d. scores. Joint mapping across DeSOs for FGRS DUD and s.d. revealed a diversity of patterns across Sweden. The stability of the distributions of FGRS DUD and s.d. in DeSOs within Sweden over the years 2012-2018 was quite high.

CONCLUSIONS: The geographical distribution of the genetic risk to DUD is quite variable in Sweden. DeSO levels of s.d. and FRGS DUD were substantially correlated but also disassociated in a number of regions. The observed patterns were largely consistent with known trends in the human geography of Sweden. This effort lays the groundwork for further studies of the sources of geographic variation in rates of DUD.

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author
; ; ; ; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Drug use disorder, Genetic risk, Geography, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Social deprivation, Sweden
in
Psychological Medicine
volume
54
issue
15
pages
10 pages
publisher
Cambridge University Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:39618330
  • scopus:85210992050
ISSN
1469-8978
DOI
10.1017/S0033291724002745
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
80ca226f-635c-4841-a785-9ef890a4e125
date added to LUP
2024-12-08 21:09:31
date last changed
2025-07-13 17:19:47
@article{80ca226f-635c-4841-a785-9ef890a4e125,
  abstract     = {{<p>BACKGROUND: Drug use Disorder (DUD), the risk for which is substantially influenced by both genetic and social factors, is geographically concentrated in high-risk regions. An important step toward understanding this pattern is to examine geographical distributions of the genetic liability to DUD and a key demographic risk factor - social deprivation.</p><p>METHODS: We calculated the mean family genetic risk score (FGRS) for DUD ((FGRS DUD) and social deprivation for each of the 5983 areas Demographic Statistical Areas (DeSO) for all of Sweden and used geospatial techniques to analyze and map these factors. </p><p>RESULTS: Using 2018 data, substantial spatial heterogeneity was seen in the distribution of the genetic risk for DUD in Sweden as a whole and in its three major urban centers which was confirmed by hot-spot analyses. Across DeSOs, FGRS DUD and s.d. levels were substantially but imperfectly correlated ( r = + 0.63), with more scattering at higher FGRS DUD and s.d. scores. Joint mapping across DeSOs for FGRS DUD and s.d. revealed a diversity of patterns across Sweden. The stability of the distributions of FGRS DUD and s.d. in DeSOs within Sweden over the years 2012-2018 was quite high. </p><p>CONCLUSIONS: The geographical distribution of the genetic risk to DUD is quite variable in Sweden. DeSO levels of s.d. and FRGS DUD were substantially correlated but also disassociated in a number of regions. The observed patterns were largely consistent with known trends in the human geography of Sweden. This effort lays the groundwork for further studies of the sources of geographic variation in rates of DUD. </p>}},
  author       = {{Kendler, Kenneth S and Mansourian, Ali and Zhao, Pengxiang and Ohlsson, Henrik and Stewart, Kathleen and Sundquist, Jan and Malmberg, Bo and Sundquist, Kristina}},
  issn         = {{1469-8978}},
  keywords     = {{Drug use disorder; Genetic risk; Geography; Geographical Information Systems (GIS); Social deprivation; Sweden}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{12}},
  number       = {{15}},
  pages        = {{4419--4428}},
  publisher    = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  series       = {{Psychological Medicine}},
  title        = {{The geographical distribution of the family-genetic risk score for drug use disorder in Sweden and its co-localization with areas of social deprivation}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291724002745}},
  doi          = {{10.1017/S0033291724002745}},
  volume       = {{54}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}