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Maximum Gain, Effective Area, and Directivity

Gustafsson, Mats LU orcid and Capek, Miloslav LU (2018)
Abstract
Fundamental bounds on antenna gain are found via convex optimization of the current density in a prescribed region. Various constraints are considered, including self-resonance and only partial control of the current distribution. Derived formulas are valid for arbitrarily shaped radiators of a given conductivity. All the optimization tasks are reduced to eigenvalue problems, which are solved efficiently. The second part of the paper deals with superdirectivity and its associated minimal costs in efficiency and Q-factor. The paper is accompanied with a series of examples practically demonstrating the relevance of the theoretical framework and entirely spanning wide range of material parameters and electrical sizes used in antenna... (More)
Fundamental bounds on antenna gain are found via convex optimization of the current density in a prescribed region. Various constraints are considered, including self-resonance and only partial control of the current distribution. Derived formulas are valid for arbitrarily shaped radiators of a given conductivity. All the optimization tasks are reduced to eigenvalue problems, which are solved efficiently. The second part of the paper deals with superdirectivity and its associated minimal costs in efficiency and Q-factor. The paper is accompanied with a series of examples practically demonstrating the relevance of the theoretical framework and entirely spanning wide range of material parameters and electrical sizes used in antenna technology. Presented results are analyzed from a perspective of effectively radiating modes. In contrast to a common approach utilizing spherical modes, the radiating modes of a given body are directly evaluated and analyzed here. All crucial mathematical steps are reviewed in the appendices, including a series of important subroutines to be considered making it possible to reduce the computational burden associated with the evaluation of electrically large structures and structures of high conductivity.
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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
and
organization
publishing date
type
Book/Report
publication status
published
subject
pages
28 pages
publisher
Electromagnetic Theory Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University Sweden
report number
7264
project
EIT_CACO-EMD Complex analysis and convex optimization for EM design
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67 (8), 5282-5293, 2019
id
b2eb6ac9-f20d-439d-9aba-8eca0ec4041a
date added to LUP
2018-12-19 19:06:31
date last changed
2021-01-31 00:46:02
@techreport{b2eb6ac9-f20d-439d-9aba-8eca0ec4041a,
  abstract     = {{Fundamental bounds on antenna gain are found via convex optimization of the current density in a prescribed region. Various constraints are considered, including self-resonance and only partial control of the current distribution. Derived formulas are valid for arbitrarily shaped radiators of a given conductivity. All the optimization tasks are reduced to eigenvalue problems, which are solved efficiently. The second part of the paper deals with superdirectivity and its associated minimal costs in efficiency and Q-factor. The paper is accompanied with a series of examples practically demonstrating the relevance of the theoretical framework and entirely spanning wide range of material parameters and electrical sizes used in antenna technology. Presented results are analyzed from a perspective of effectively radiating modes. In contrast to a common approach utilizing spherical modes, the radiating modes of a given body are directly evaluated and analyzed here. All crucial mathematical steps are reviewed in the appendices, including a series of important subroutines to be considered making it possible to reduce the computational burden associated with the evaluation of electrically large structures and structures of high conductivity.<br/>}},
  author       = {{Gustafsson, Mats and Capek, Miloslav}},
  institution  = {{Electromagnetic Theory Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University Sweden}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7264}},
  title        = {{Maximum Gain, Effective Area, and Directivity}},
  url          = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/55665449/TEAT_7264.pdf}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}