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Effectiveness of the Gold Standard Programme compared with other smoking cessation interventions in Denmark : A cohort study

Rasmussen, Mette LU orcid ; Fernández, Esteve and Tønnesen, Hanne LU (2017) In BMJ Open 7(2). p.013553-013553
Abstract

Objectives: We compared the effectiveness of the Gold Standard Programme (a comprehensive smoking cessation intervention commonly used in Denmark) with other face-to-face smoking cessation programmes in Denmark after implementation in real life, and we identified factors associated with successful quitting. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: A total of 423 smoking cessation clinics from different settings reported data from 2001 to 2013. Participants: In total, 82 515 patients were registered. Smokers ≥15 years old and attending a programme with planned follow-up were included. Smokers who did not want further contact, who intentionally were not followed up or who lacked information about the intervention they received were... (More)

Objectives: We compared the effectiveness of the Gold Standard Programme (a comprehensive smoking cessation intervention commonly used in Denmark) with other face-to-face smoking cessation programmes in Denmark after implementation in real life, and we identified factors associated with successful quitting. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: A total of 423 smoking cessation clinics from different settings reported data from 2001 to 2013. Participants: In total, 82 515 patients were registered. Smokers ≥15 years old and attending a programme with planned follow-up were included. Smokers who did not want further contact, who intentionally were not followed up or who lacked information about the intervention they received were excluded. A total of 46 287 smokers were included. Interventions: Various real-life smoking cessation interventions were identified and compared: The Gold Standard Programme, Come & Quit, crash courses, health promotion counselling (brief intervention) and other interventions. Main outcome: Self-reported continuous abstinence for 6 months. Results: Overall, 33% (11 184) were continuously abstinent after 6 months; this value was 24% when non-respondents were considered smokers. The follow-up rate was 74%. Women were less likely to remain abstinent, OR 0.83 (CI 0.79 to 0.87). Short interventions were more effective among men. After adjusting for confounders, the Gold Standard Programme was the only intervention with significant results across sex, increasing the odds of abstinence by 69% for men and 31% for women. In particular, compliance, and to a lesser degree, mild smoking, older age and not being disadvantaged were associated with positive outcomes for both sexes. Compliance increased the odds of abstinence more than 3.5-fold. Conclusions: Over time, Danish smoking cessation interventions have been effective in real life. Compliance is the main predictor of successful quitting. Interestingly, short programmes seem to have relatively strong effects among men, but the absolute numbers are very small. Only the comprehensive Gold Standard Programme works across sexes.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
BMJ Open
volume
7
issue
2
article number
e013553
pages
013553 - 013553
publisher
BMJ Publishing Group
external identifiers
  • scopus:85014044702
  • pmid:28242770
ISSN
2044-6055
DOI
10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013553
project
Smoking Cessation Interventions in Denmark
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
d753b476-5192-4c15-a0f6-666cb031c857
alternative location
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013553
date added to LUP
2017-03-24 11:23:03
date last changed
2024-06-09 13:35:00
@article{d753b476-5192-4c15-a0f6-666cb031c857,
  abstract     = {{<p>Objectives: We compared the effectiveness of the Gold Standard Programme (a comprehensive smoking cessation intervention commonly used in Denmark) with other face-to-face smoking cessation programmes in Denmark after implementation in real life, and we identified factors associated with successful quitting. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: A total of 423 smoking cessation clinics from different settings reported data from 2001 to 2013. Participants: In total, 82 515 patients were registered. Smokers ≥15 years old and attending a programme with planned follow-up were included. Smokers who did not want further contact, who intentionally were not followed up or who lacked information about the intervention they received were excluded. A total of 46 287 smokers were included. Interventions: Various real-life smoking cessation interventions were identified and compared: The Gold Standard Programme, Come &amp; Quit, crash courses, health promotion counselling (brief intervention) and other interventions. Main outcome: Self-reported continuous abstinence for 6 months. Results: Overall, 33% (11 184) were continuously abstinent after 6 months; this value was 24% when non-respondents were considered smokers. The follow-up rate was 74%. Women were less likely to remain abstinent, OR 0.83 (CI 0.79 to 0.87). Short interventions were more effective among men. After adjusting for confounders, the Gold Standard Programme was the only intervention with significant results across sex, increasing the odds of abstinence by 69% for men and 31% for women. In particular, compliance, and to a lesser degree, mild smoking, older age and not being disadvantaged were associated with positive outcomes for both sexes. Compliance increased the odds of abstinence more than 3.5-fold. Conclusions: Over time, Danish smoking cessation interventions have been effective in real life. Compliance is the main predictor of successful quitting. Interestingly, short programmes seem to have relatively strong effects among men, but the absolute numbers are very small. Only the comprehensive Gold Standard Programme works across sexes.</p>}},
  author       = {{Rasmussen, Mette and Fernández, Esteve and Tønnesen, Hanne}},
  issn         = {{2044-6055}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{02}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{013553--013553}},
  publisher    = {{BMJ Publishing Group}},
  series       = {{BMJ Open}},
  title        = {{Effectiveness of the Gold Standard Programme compared with other smoking cessation interventions in Denmark : A cohort study}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013553}},
  doi          = {{10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013553}},
  volume       = {{7}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}