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RF Compliance Study of Temperature Elevation in Human Head Model Around 28 GHz for 5G User Equipment Application : Simulation Analysis

He, Wang ; Xu, Bo LU ; Gustafsson, Mats LU orcid ; Ying, Zhinong and He, Sailing (2018) In IEEE Access 6. p.830-838
Abstract

The crowdedness of current cellular bands and the demand for higher transmission speed prompt the use of the millimeter-wave spectrum for the next-generation mobile communication. In the millimeter-wave frequencies, the dosimetric quantity for human exposure to electromagnetic fields changes from the specific absorption rate to incident power density. In this study, we used 28 GHz beam-steering patch arrays, a dipole antenna, and plane waves to investigate the temperature elevation in a multi-layer model of human head and its correlation with power density metrics. The power density averaged over one squarecentimeter in free space and the peak temperature elevation in tissue at 28 GHz have good correlation. The peak temperature... (More)

The crowdedness of current cellular bands and the demand for higher transmission speed prompt the use of the millimeter-wave spectrum for the next-generation mobile communication. In the millimeter-wave frequencies, the dosimetric quantity for human exposure to electromagnetic fields changes from the specific absorption rate to incident power density. In this study, we used 28 GHz beam-steering patch arrays, a dipole antenna, and plane waves to investigate the temperature elevation in a multi-layer model of human head and its correlation with power density metrics. The power density averaged over one squarecentimeter in free space and the peak temperature elevation in tissue at 28 GHz have good correlation. The peak temperature elevation indicated by the power density averaged one square-centimeter also agrees well with the peak temperature elevation induced by the plane waves. The results show that the averaging area of a few square-centimeters may be a good candidate for the spatial-average power density. The findings provide valuable input to the ongoing revision and updating of relevant safety standards and guidelines.

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
; ; ; and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
28 GHz, 5G, antenna array, human head, incident power density, millimeter wave, RF compliance safety guidelines, safety standards, temperature elevation, user equipment
in
IEEE Access
volume
6
pages
830 - 838
publisher
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
external identifiers
  • scopus:85035807157
ISSN
2169-3536
DOI
10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2776145
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
fddae03a-0433-49e2-bfd0-0f4f3934823e
date added to LUP
2017-12-12 13:40:21
date last changed
2022-04-09 20:48:53
@article{fddae03a-0433-49e2-bfd0-0f4f3934823e,
  abstract     = {{<p>The crowdedness of current cellular bands and the demand for higher transmission speed prompt the use of the millimeter-wave spectrum for the next-generation mobile communication. In the millimeter-wave frequencies, the dosimetric quantity for human exposure to electromagnetic fields changes from the specific absorption rate to incident power density. In this study, we used 28 GHz beam-steering patch arrays, a dipole antenna, and plane waves to investigate the temperature elevation in a multi-layer model of human head and its correlation with power density metrics. The power density averaged over one squarecentimeter in free space and the peak temperature elevation in tissue at 28 GHz have good correlation. The peak temperature elevation indicated by the power density averaged one square-centimeter also agrees well with the peak temperature elevation induced by the plane waves. The results show that the averaging area of a few square-centimeters may be a good candidate for the spatial-average power density. The findings provide valuable input to the ongoing revision and updating of relevant safety standards and guidelines.</p>}},
  author       = {{He, Wang and Xu, Bo and Gustafsson, Mats and Ying, Zhinong and He, Sailing}},
  issn         = {{2169-3536}},
  keywords     = {{28 GHz; 5G; antenna array; human head; incident power density; millimeter wave; RF compliance safety guidelines; safety standards; temperature elevation; user equipment}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{830--838}},
  publisher    = {{IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}},
  series       = {{IEEE Access}},
  title        = {{RF Compliance Study of Temperature Elevation in Human Head Model Around 28 GHz for 5G User Equipment Application : Simulation Analysis}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2776145}},
  doi          = {{10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2776145}},
  volume       = {{6}},
  year         = {{2018}},
}