Growth differentiation factor 15 is positively associated with incidence of diabetes mellitus : the Malmö Diet and Cancer–Cardiovascular Cohort
(2019) In Diabetologia 62(1). p.78-86- Abstract
Aims/hypothesis: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Circulating levels of GDF-15 are associated with hyperglycaemia among people with obesity or diabetes, but longitudinal evidence on the association between GDF-15 levels and diabetes risk is scarce. Our aim was to explore whether circulating levels of GDF-15 at baseline are positively associated with future diabetes incidence in a middle-aged urban population. Methods: Between 1991 and 1994, baseline fasting plasma GDF-15 levels were measured in 4360 individuals without diabetes (mean age 57.4 ± 5.96 years, 38.6% men) who were participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer–Cardiovascular Cohort. After a... (More)
Aims/hypothesis: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Circulating levels of GDF-15 are associated with hyperglycaemia among people with obesity or diabetes, but longitudinal evidence on the association between GDF-15 levels and diabetes risk is scarce. Our aim was to explore whether circulating levels of GDF-15 at baseline are positively associated with future diabetes incidence in a middle-aged urban population. Methods: Between 1991 and 1994, baseline fasting plasma GDF-15 levels were measured in 4360 individuals without diabetes (mean age 57.4 ± 5.96 years, 38.6% men) who were participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer–Cardiovascular Cohort. After a follow-up of 19.0 ± 5.16 years (mean ± SD), Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for the study of the relationship between baseline GDF-15 and incident diabetes, with adjustment for established confounders. A sensitivity analysis included further adjustment for levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: During the follow-up period, 621 individuals developed diabetes. The multivariate-adjusted HR for diabetes incidence was 1.43 (95% CI 1.11, 1.83; p for trend = 0.007) for the fourth compared with the first quartile of GDF-15, and was 1.17 (95% CI 1.07, 1.28; p < 0.001) per SD increase of GDF-15. If participants were grouped according to baseline fasting glucose, the association between GDF-15 and diabetes risk was only evident in the group without impaired fasting glucose (n = 3973). The association tended to be less significant with increasing age: multivariate-adjusted HRs for diabetes per SD increase of GDF-15 were 1.24 (95% CI 1.08, 1.42), 1.19 (95% CI 1.00, 1.41) and 1.04 (95% CI 0.89, 1.23) for participants aged ≤55, 56–60 (>55 and ≤60) and >60 years, respectively. With adjustment for levels of CRP, the HR per SD increase of GDF-15 (1.21, 95% CI 1.09, 1.35) was significant (p = 0.015), but the HR for the fourth compared with the first quartile of GDF-15 was not significant (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.01, 1.67; p for trend = 0.061). Conclusions/interpretation: GDF-15 may be useful for identification of people with a risk of incident diabetes, especially if those people are ≤60 years old.
(Less)
- author
- Bao, Xue LU ; Borné, Yan LU ; Muhammad, Iram Faqir LU ; Nilsson, Jan LU ; Lind, Lars; Melander, Olle LU ; Niu, Kaijun; Orho-Melander, Marju LU and Engström, Gunnar LU
- organization
-
- Cardiovascular Research - Epidemiology (research group)
- EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health
- Cardiovascular Research - Immunity and Athersosclerosis (research group)
- EXODIAB: Excellence in Diabetes Research in Sweden
- Cardiovascular Research - Hypertension (research group)
- Diabetes - Cardiovascular Disease (research group)
- publishing date
- 2019
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- keywords
- Cohort analysis, Diabetes mellitus, Growth differentiation factor 15, Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1
- in
- Diabetologia
- volume
- 62
- issue
- 1
- pages
- 9 pages
- publisher
- Springer
- external identifiers
-
- scopus:85058012898
- ISSN
- 0012-186X
- DOI
- 10.1007/s00125-018-4751-7
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 09923019-541a-4110-ad98-d68d64f0ee32
- date added to LUP
- 2018-12-18 12:18:33
- date last changed
- 2019-01-14 07:38:57
@article{09923019-541a-4110-ad98-d68d64f0ee32, abstract = {<p>Aims/hypothesis: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Circulating levels of GDF-15 are associated with hyperglycaemia among people with obesity or diabetes, but longitudinal evidence on the association between GDF-15 levels and diabetes risk is scarce. Our aim was to explore whether circulating levels of GDF-15 at baseline are positively associated with future diabetes incidence in a middle-aged urban population. Methods: Between 1991 and 1994, baseline fasting plasma GDF-15 levels were measured in 4360 individuals without diabetes (mean age 57.4 ± 5.96 years, 38.6% men) who were participants in the Malmö Diet and Cancer–Cardiovascular Cohort. After a follow-up of 19.0 ± 5.16 years (mean ± SD), Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for the study of the relationship between baseline GDF-15 and incident diabetes, with adjustment for established confounders. A sensitivity analysis included further adjustment for levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: During the follow-up period, 621 individuals developed diabetes. The multivariate-adjusted HR for diabetes incidence was 1.43 (95% CI 1.11, 1.83; p for trend = 0.007) for the fourth compared with the first quartile of GDF-15, and was 1.17 (95% CI 1.07, 1.28; p < 0.001) per SD increase of GDF-15. If participants were grouped according to baseline fasting glucose, the association between GDF-15 and diabetes risk was only evident in the group without impaired fasting glucose (n = 3973). The association tended to be less significant with increasing age: multivariate-adjusted HRs for diabetes per SD increase of GDF-15 were 1.24 (95% CI 1.08, 1.42), 1.19 (95% CI 1.00, 1.41) and 1.04 (95% CI 0.89, 1.23) for participants aged ≤55, 56–60 (>55 and ≤60) and >60 years, respectively. With adjustment for levels of CRP, the HR per SD increase of GDF-15 (1.21, 95% CI 1.09, 1.35) was significant (p = 0.015), but the HR for the fourth compared with the first quartile of GDF-15 was not significant (HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.01, 1.67; p for trend = 0.061). Conclusions/interpretation: GDF-15 may be useful for identification of people with a risk of incident diabetes, especially if those people are ≤60 years old.</p>}, author = {Bao, Xue and Borné, Yan and Muhammad, Iram Faqir and Nilsson, Jan and Lind, Lars and Melander, Olle and Niu, Kaijun and Orho-Melander, Marju and Engström, Gunnar}, issn = {0012-186X}, keyword = {Cohort analysis,Diabetes mellitus,Growth differentiation factor 15,Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1}, language = {eng}, number = {1}, pages = {78--86}, publisher = {Springer}, series = {Diabetologia}, title = {Growth differentiation factor 15 is positively associated with incidence of diabetes mellitus : the Malmö Diet and Cancer–Cardiovascular Cohort}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4751-7}, volume = {62}, year = {2019}, }