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How Many Sexes, How Many Genders? And What Does This Imply for (Social) Scientists?

Klysing, Amanda LU and Steffens, Melanie (2025) In Archives of Sexual Behavior p.1-7
Abstract
In some ways, it can feel like conducting empirical research has become more and more difficult. Some standards that were widely agreed upon in the past for conducting research on gender and/or sex appear to be contested today (see Fraser, 2018). Some questions that may feel uncontroversial to ask for some research participants are a source of minority stress, exclusion, and outrage for others. Can you, as a researcher, even ask for what you think is basic demographic information without revealing certain attitudes and risking to step on someone’s toes? The short response is: Probably not.

This short response requires some explanations about what makes gender, sex, and sexuality so intimately intwined, and why it is such a... (More)
In some ways, it can feel like conducting empirical research has become more and more difficult. Some standards that were widely agreed upon in the past for conducting research on gender and/or sex appear to be contested today (see Fraser, 2018). Some questions that may feel uncontroversial to ask for some research participants are a source of minority stress, exclusion, and outrage for others. Can you, as a researcher, even ask for what you think is basic demographic information without revealing certain attitudes and risking to step on someone’s toes? The short response is: Probably not.

This short response requires some explanations about what makes gender, sex, and sexuality so intimately intwined, and why it is such a contested topic. And importantly: How can we as social scientists navigate this contested field in an informed and purposeful way? (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
author
and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Sex, Gender, Sexual orientation, Epistemology, Methodology, Survey Methodology
in
Archives of Sexual Behavior
pages
7 pages
publisher
Springer
external identifiers
  • pmid:40911256
ISSN
0004-0002
DOI
10.1007/s10508-025-03191-6
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
0b091c3a-2412-4565-b606-d08990aea1c8
date added to LUP
2025-09-08 09:46:44
date last changed
2025-09-09 03:00:02
@article{0b091c3a-2412-4565-b606-d08990aea1c8,
  abstract     = {{In some ways, it can feel like conducting empirical research has become more and more difficult. Some standards that were widely agreed upon in the past for conducting research on gender and/or sex appear to be contested today (see Fraser, 2018). Some questions that may feel uncontroversial to ask for some research participants are a source of minority stress, exclusion, and outrage for others. Can you, as a researcher, even ask for what you think is basic demographic information without revealing certain attitudes and risking to step on someone’s toes? The short response is: Probably not.<br/><br/>This short response requires some explanations about what makes gender, sex, and sexuality so intimately intwined, and why it is such a contested topic. And importantly: How can we as social scientists navigate this contested field in an informed and purposeful way?}},
  author       = {{Klysing, Amanda and Steffens, Melanie}},
  issn         = {{0004-0002}},
  keywords     = {{Sex; Gender; Sexual orientation; Epistemology; Methodology; Survey Methodology}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{09}},
  pages        = {{1--7}},
  publisher    = {{Springer}},
  series       = {{Archives of Sexual Behavior}},
  title        = {{How Many Sexes, How Many Genders? And What Does This Imply for (Social) Scientists?}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-025-03191-6}},
  doi          = {{10.1007/s10508-025-03191-6}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}