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Hypoxia-Related Processes in the Baltic Sea

Conley, Daniel LU ; Björck, Svante LU ; Bonsdorff, Erik ; Carstensen, Jacob ; Destouni, Georgia ; Gustafsson, Bo G. ; Hietanen, Susanna ; Kortekaas, Marloes LU ; Kuosa, Harri and Meier, H. E. Markus , et al. (2009) In Environmental Science & Technology 43(10). p.3412-3420
Abstract
Hypoxia, a growing worldwide problem, has been intermittently present in the modern Baltic Sea since its formation ca. 8000 cal. yr BP. However, both the spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia have increased with anthropogenic eutrophication due to nutrient inputs. Physical processes, which control stratification and the renewal of oxygen in bottom waters, are important constraints on the formation and maintenance of hypoxia. Climate controlled inflows of saline water from the North Sea through the Danish Straits is a critical controlling factor governing the spatial extent and duration of hypoxia. Hypoxia regulates the biogeochemical cycles of both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the water column and sediments. Significant amounts of... (More)
Hypoxia, a growing worldwide problem, has been intermittently present in the modern Baltic Sea since its formation ca. 8000 cal. yr BP. However, both the spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia have increased with anthropogenic eutrophication due to nutrient inputs. Physical processes, which control stratification and the renewal of oxygen in bottom waters, are important constraints on the formation and maintenance of hypoxia. Climate controlled inflows of saline water from the North Sea through the Danish Straits is a critical controlling factor governing the spatial extent and duration of hypoxia. Hypoxia regulates the biogeochemical cycles of both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the water column and sediments. Significant amounts of P are currently released from sediments, an order of magnitude larger than anthropogenic inputs. The Baltic Sea is unique for coastal marine ecosystems experiencing N losses in hypoxic waters below the halocline. Although benthic communities in the Baltic Sea are naturally constrained by salinity gradients, hypoxia has resulted in habitat loss over vast areas and the elimination of benthic fauna, and has severely disrupted benthic food webs. Nutrient load reductions are needed to reduce the extent, severity, and effects of hypoxia. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Environmental Science & Technology
volume
43
issue
10
pages
3412 - 3420
publisher
The American Chemical Society (ACS)
external identifiers
  • wos:000266046700006
  • scopus:66249145046
ISSN
1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/es802762a
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
ad523019-5cff-4882-bbee-0b94397c3af3 (old id 1426163)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 13:54:50
date last changed
2022-04-14 03:44:07
@article{ad523019-5cff-4882-bbee-0b94397c3af3,
  abstract     = {{Hypoxia, a growing worldwide problem, has been intermittently present in the modern Baltic Sea since its formation ca. 8000 cal. yr BP. However, both the spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia have increased with anthropogenic eutrophication due to nutrient inputs. Physical processes, which control stratification and the renewal of oxygen in bottom waters, are important constraints on the formation and maintenance of hypoxia. Climate controlled inflows of saline water from the North Sea through the Danish Straits is a critical controlling factor governing the spatial extent and duration of hypoxia. Hypoxia regulates the biogeochemical cycles of both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the water column and sediments. Significant amounts of P are currently released from sediments, an order of magnitude larger than anthropogenic inputs. The Baltic Sea is unique for coastal marine ecosystems experiencing N losses in hypoxic waters below the halocline. Although benthic communities in the Baltic Sea are naturally constrained by salinity gradients, hypoxia has resulted in habitat loss over vast areas and the elimination of benthic fauna, and has severely disrupted benthic food webs. Nutrient load reductions are needed to reduce the extent, severity, and effects of hypoxia.}},
  author       = {{Conley, Daniel and Björck, Svante and Bonsdorff, Erik and Carstensen, Jacob and Destouni, Georgia and Gustafsson, Bo G. and Hietanen, Susanna and Kortekaas, Marloes and Kuosa, Harri and Meier, H. E. Markus and Mueller-Karulis, Baerbel and Nordberg, Kjell and Norkko, Alf and Nuernberg, Gertrud and Pitkanen, Heikki and Rabalais, Nancy N. and Rosenberg, Rutger and Savchuk, Oleg P. and Slomp, Caroline P. and Voss, Maren and Wulff, Fredrik and Zillén, Lovisa}},
  issn         = {{1520-5851}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{3412--3420}},
  publisher    = {{The American Chemical Society (ACS)}},
  series       = {{Environmental Science & Technology}},
  title        = {{Hypoxia-Related Processes in the Baltic Sea}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es802762a}},
  doi          = {{10.1021/es802762a}},
  volume       = {{43}},
  year         = {{2009}},
}