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Oxidative potential (OP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in combustion, brake, tire and road wear particles

Malmborg, V. LU orcid ; Lyu, Y. LU orcid ; Gustafsson, M. ; Sadiktsis, I. ; Marjanen, P. ; Rönkkö, T. ; Karjalainen, P. ; Daellenbach, K. R. ; Tunér, M. LU and Clausen, P. A. , et al. (2023) European Aerosol Conference (EAC) 2023
Abstract
Particle induced oxidative stress is a probable pathway for many of the detrimental health-effects caused by particulate matter (PM). Recent studies on the exposure to oxidative potential (OP) in ambient fine and coarse PM suggest that anthropogenic particle pollutants, especially vehicular wear, anthropogenic primary and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are more toxic on mass basis and more relevant for the burden of disease than natural sources of PM (biogenic SOA and crustal wear) (Daellenbach et al. 2020, Shen et al. 2022). 

With stricter emission legislation (EURO 7) and a rapid growth of battery electrical vehicles (BEVs) the combustion-derived pollutants emitted from the tailpipe are decreasing, and the traffic-related... (More)
Particle induced oxidative stress is a probable pathway for many of the detrimental health-effects caused by particulate matter (PM). Recent studies on the exposure to oxidative potential (OP) in ambient fine and coarse PM suggest that anthropogenic particle pollutants, especially vehicular wear, anthropogenic primary and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are more toxic on mass basis and more relevant for the burden of disease than natural sources of PM (biogenic SOA and crustal wear) (Daellenbach et al. 2020, Shen et al. 2022). 

With stricter emission legislation (EURO 7) and a rapid growth of battery electrical vehicles (BEVs) the combustion-derived pollutants emitted from the tailpipe are decreasing, and the traffic-related pollutants are expected to change with the changing vehicle fleet. Heavier BEVs have raised concern that wear particle emissions from brakes, tires, and road surfaces may increase. An increase in traffic-related wear emissions would be particularly problematic if these emissions drive the toxicity of ambient PM. This project aims to identify PM components that contribute to ROS and OP in combustion, brake, tire, and road wear particles generated under controlled laboratory conditions. 

Combustion particles have been generated using a heavy-duty diesel engine with renewable and fossil diesel fuels and by controlled biomass combustion in a novel cone calorimeter setup. Tire and road wear particles have been generated in a state-of-the-art road simulator using summer, winter-friction, and studded winter tires on a cement concrete pavement. We will additionally generate brake emissions using a pin-on-disc tribometer, soot of different maturity (nanostructure) using a miniCAST soot generator and study several carbon black nanoparticles engineered with different, specific surface area, surface functionalization and organic carbon content. 

The particles are collected on Teflon filters and extracted using sonication in methanol. ROS will be measured by fluorescence after acellular reaction with the 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) probe and OP using the acellular Dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The aerosol characteristics will be extensively characterized to identify source-specific markers and map particle properties that contribute to ROS formation and OP (e.g., size, surface area, mass fractions of OA, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, elemental carbon, and metals. 

Past work from the participating research groups within this project shows that carbon black and lab-generated diesel exhaust soot is genotoxic in vivo and induce strong acellular ROS formation (i.e., high OP) that correlates with DNA-damage evaluated with the COMET-assay (Bendtsen et al. 2020). In the current study, we aim to evaluate the potential ROS formation and OP for a larger range of traffic-related PM as well as combustion PM. The detailed characterization of the PM physicochemical properties will be used for regression analysis to identify components in traffic-related aerosols with particularly strong contribution to OP. This will provide novel bottom-up data and foundation for a phenomenological model of acellular OP/ROS of traffic-related PM. We expect this to improve the mechanistic understanding of traffic-related PM toxicity and validation towards recent top-down approaches (Daellenbach et al. 2020) on the OP of ambient PM. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to conference
publication status
published
subject
keywords
Reactive oxygen species, Non exhaust emissions, Exhaust
pages
1 pages
conference name
European Aerosol Conference (EAC) 2023
conference location
Malaga, Spain
conference dates
2023-09-03 - 2023-09-08
language
English
LU publication?
yes
additional info
This work was supported the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (2021-02010 0 and 2018-00475).
id
230e6a79-a833-4e0b-baf6-6e3534d87ab8
date added to LUP
2026-02-06 11:46:30
date last changed
2026-02-19 15:10:57
@misc{230e6a79-a833-4e0b-baf6-6e3534d87ab8,
  abstract     = {{Particle induced oxidative stress is a probable pathway for many of the detrimental health-effects caused by particulate matter (PM). Recent studies on the exposure to oxidative potential (OP) in ambient fine and coarse PM suggest that anthropogenic particle pollutants, especially vehicular wear, anthropogenic primary and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are more toxic on mass basis and more relevant for the burden of disease than natural sources of PM (biogenic SOA and crustal wear) (Daellenbach et al. 2020, Shen et al. 2022). <br/><br/>With stricter emission legislation (EURO 7) and a rapid growth of battery electrical vehicles (BEVs) the combustion-derived pollutants emitted from the tailpipe are decreasing, and the traffic-related pollutants are expected to change with the changing vehicle fleet. Heavier BEVs have raised concern that wear particle emissions from brakes, tires, and road surfaces may increase. An increase in traffic-related wear emissions would be particularly problematic if these emissions drive the toxicity of ambient PM. This project aims to identify PM components that contribute to ROS and OP in combustion, brake, tire, and road wear particles generated under controlled laboratory conditions. <br/><br/>Combustion particles have been generated using a heavy-duty diesel engine with renewable and fossil diesel fuels and by controlled biomass combustion in a novel cone calorimeter setup. Tire and road wear particles have been generated in a state-of-the-art road simulator using summer, winter-friction, and studded winter tires on a cement concrete pavement. We will additionally generate brake emissions using a pin-on-disc tribometer, soot of different maturity (nanostructure) using a miniCAST soot generator and study several carbon black nanoparticles engineered with different, specific surface area, surface functionalization and organic carbon content. <br/><br/>The particles are collected on Teflon filters and extracted using sonication in methanol. ROS will be measured by fluorescence after acellular reaction with the 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) probe and OP using the acellular Dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. The aerosol characteristics will be extensively characterized to identify source-specific markers and map particle properties that contribute to ROS formation and OP (e.g., size, surface area, mass fractions of OA, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, elemental carbon, and metals. <br/><br/>Past work from the participating research groups within this project shows that carbon black and lab-generated diesel exhaust soot is genotoxic in vivo and induce strong acellular ROS formation (i.e., high OP) that correlates with DNA-damage evaluated with the COMET-assay (Bendtsen et al. 2020). In the current study, we aim to evaluate the potential ROS formation and OP for a larger range of traffic-related PM as well as combustion PM. The detailed characterization of the PM physicochemical properties will be used for regression analysis to identify components in traffic-related aerosols with particularly strong contribution to OP. This will provide novel bottom-up data and foundation for a phenomenological model of acellular OP/ROS of traffic-related PM. We expect this to improve the mechanistic understanding of traffic-related PM toxicity and validation towards recent top-down approaches (Daellenbach et al. 2020) on the OP of ambient PM.}},
  author       = {{Malmborg, V. and Lyu, Y. and Gustafsson, M. and Sadiktsis, I. and Marjanen, P. and Rönkkö, T. and Karjalainen, P. and Daellenbach, K. R. and Tunér, M. and Clausen, P. A. and Jacobsen, N. R. and Wahlström, J. and Pagels, J. and Vogel, U.}},
  keywords     = {{Reactive oxygen species; Non exhaust emissions; Exhaust}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  month        = {{09}},
  title        = {{Oxidative potential (OP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in combustion, brake, tire and road wear particles}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}