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Stimulus-dependent dopamine release in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Sikström, Sverker LU orcid and Soderlund, Goran (2007) In Psychological Review 114(4). p.1047-1075
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to an attenuated and dysfunctional dopamine system. Normally, a high extracellular dopamine level yields a tonic dopaminergic input that down-regulates stimuli-evoked phasic dopamine responses through autoreceptors. Abnormally low tonic extracellular dopamine in ADHD up-regulates the autoreceptors so that stimuli-evoked phasic dopamine is boosted. The authors propose that these boosted phasic responses yield hypersensitivity to environmental stimuli in ADHD. Stimuli evoking moderate brain arousal lead to well-functioning performance, whereas either too little or too much stimuli attenuate cognitive performance. Strong, salient stimuli may easily disrupt attention, whereas an... (More)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to an attenuated and dysfunctional dopamine system. Normally, a high extracellular dopamine level yields a tonic dopaminergic input that down-regulates stimuli-evoked phasic dopamine responses through autoreceptors. Abnormally low tonic extracellular dopamine in ADHD up-regulates the autoreceptors so that stimuli-evoked phasic dopamine is boosted. The authors propose that these boosted phasic responses yield hypersensitivity to environmental stimuli in ADHD. Stimuli evoking moderate brain arousal lead to well-functioning performance, whereas either too little or too much stimuli attenuate cognitive performance. Strong, salient stimuli may easily disrupt attention, whereas an environment with impoverished stimuli causes low arousal, which is typically compensated for by hyperactivity. Stochastic resonance is the phenomenon that makes a moderate noise facilitate stimulus discrimination and cognitive performance. Computational modeling shows that more noise is required for stochastic resonance,to occur in dopamine-deprived neural systems in ADHD. This prediction is supported by empirical data. (Less)
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author
and
organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
keywords
stochastic resonance, ADHD, dopamine, noise, model
in
Psychological Review
volume
114
issue
4
pages
1047 - 1075
publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
external identifiers
  • scopus:36049008766
  • wos:000249738000007
  • pmid:17907872
ISSN
0033-295X
DOI
10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.1047
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
6e86671f-ef6a-4e0e-ac3d-23c9bf85074c (old id 2375251)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 16:00:30
date last changed
2022-02-20 02:34:53
@article{6e86671f-ef6a-4e0e-ac3d-23c9bf85074c,
  abstract     = {{Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to an attenuated and dysfunctional dopamine system. Normally, a high extracellular dopamine level yields a tonic dopaminergic input that down-regulates stimuli-evoked phasic dopamine responses through autoreceptors. Abnormally low tonic extracellular dopamine in ADHD up-regulates the autoreceptors so that stimuli-evoked phasic dopamine is boosted. The authors propose that these boosted phasic responses yield hypersensitivity to environmental stimuli in ADHD. Stimuli evoking moderate brain arousal lead to well-functioning performance, whereas either too little or too much stimuli attenuate cognitive performance. Strong, salient stimuli may easily disrupt attention, whereas an environment with impoverished stimuli causes low arousal, which is typically compensated for by hyperactivity. Stochastic resonance is the phenomenon that makes a moderate noise facilitate stimulus discrimination and cognitive performance. Computational modeling shows that more noise is required for stochastic resonance,to occur in dopamine-deprived neural systems in ADHD. This prediction is supported by empirical data.}},
  author       = {{Sikström, Sverker and Soderlund, Goran}},
  issn         = {{0033-295X}},
  keywords     = {{stochastic resonance; ADHD; dopamine; noise; model}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{1047--1075}},
  publisher    = {{American Psychological Association (APA)}},
  series       = {{Psychological Review}},
  title        = {{Stimulus-dependent dopamine release in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.1047}},
  doi          = {{10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.1047}},
  volume       = {{114}},
  year         = {{2007}},
}