Smoking induces overexpression of immediate early genes in active Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Planck, Tereza LU ; Shahida, Bushra LU ; Parikh, Hemang LU ; Ström, Kristoffer LU ; Åsman, Peter LU ; Brorson, Håkan LU
; Hallengren, Bengt
LU
and Lantz, Mikael
LU
(2014)
In Thyroid
24(10).
p.1524-1532
- Abstract
- Background: Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). In a previous study of gene expression in intraorbital fat, adipocyte-related immediate early genes (IEGs) were overexpressed in patients with GO compared to controls. We investigated whether IEGs are upregulated by smoking and examined other pathways that may be affected by smoking. Methods: Gene expression in intraorbital fat was studied in smokers (n=8) and non-smokers (n=8) with severe active GO as well as in subcutaneous fat in thyroid-healthy smokers (n=5) and non-smokers (n=5) using microarray and real-time PCR. Results: With microarray, eight IEGs were upregulated more than 1.5-fold in smokers compared to non-smokers with GO. Five... (More)
- Background: Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). In a previous study of gene expression in intraorbital fat, adipocyte-related immediate early genes (IEGs) were overexpressed in patients with GO compared to controls. We investigated whether IEGs are upregulated by smoking and examined other pathways that may be affected by smoking. Methods: Gene expression in intraorbital fat was studied in smokers (n=8) and non-smokers (n=8) with severe active GO as well as in subcutaneous fat in thyroid-healthy smokers (n=5) and non-smokers (n=5) using microarray and real-time PCR. Results: With microarray, eight IEGs were upregulated more than 1.5-fold in smokers compared to non-smokers with GO. Five were chosen for confirmation and were also overexpressed with real-time PCR. Interleukin-1 beta /IL-1B/ (2.3-fold) and interleukin-6 /IL-6/ (2.4-fold) were upregulated both with microarray and with real-time PCR in smokers with GO compared to non-smokers. Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1 /HLA-DRB1/ was upregulated with microarray (2.1-fold) and with borderline significance with real-time PCR. None of these genes were upregulated in smokers compared to non-smokers in subcutaneous fat. Conclusions: IEGs, IL-1B, and IL-6 were overexpressed in smokers with severe active GO compared to non-smokers suggesting that smoking activates pathways associated with adipogenesis and inflammation. This study underlines the importance of IEGs in the pathogenesis of GO and provides evidence for possible novel therapeutic interventions in GO. The mechanisms activated by smoking may be shared with other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. (Less)
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4614393
- author
- Planck, Tereza
LU
; Shahida, Bushra
LU
; Parikh, Hemang
LU
; Ström, Kristoffer
LU
; Åsman, Peter
LU
; Brorson, Håkan
LU
; Hallengren, Bengt
LU
and Lantz, Mikael
LU
- organization
- publishing date
- 2014
- type
- Contribution to journal
- publication status
- published
- subject
- in
- Thyroid
- volume
- 24
- issue
- 10
- pages
- 1524 - 1532
- publisher
- Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
- external identifiers
-
- pmid:25135760
- wos:000342742800012
- pmid:25135760
- scopus:84907438895
- ISSN
- 1557-9077
- DOI
- 10.1089/thy.2014.0153
- language
- English
- LU publication?
- yes
- id
- 09541b74-ee01-4b49-b81c-47024a4cc088 (old id 4614393)
- alternative location
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25135760?dopt=Abstract
- date added to LUP
- 2016-04-01 09:49:11
- date last changed
- 2024-01-06 00:35:01
@article{09541b74-ee01-4b49-b81c-47024a4cc088,
abstract = {{Background: Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). In a previous study of gene expression in intraorbital fat, adipocyte-related immediate early genes (IEGs) were overexpressed in patients with GO compared to controls. We investigated whether IEGs are upregulated by smoking and examined other pathways that may be affected by smoking. Methods: Gene expression in intraorbital fat was studied in smokers (n=8) and non-smokers (n=8) with severe active GO as well as in subcutaneous fat in thyroid-healthy smokers (n=5) and non-smokers (n=5) using microarray and real-time PCR. Results: With microarray, eight IEGs were upregulated more than 1.5-fold in smokers compared to non-smokers with GO. Five were chosen for confirmation and were also overexpressed with real-time PCR. Interleukin-1 beta /IL-1B/ (2.3-fold) and interleukin-6 /IL-6/ (2.4-fold) were upregulated both with microarray and with real-time PCR in smokers with GO compared to non-smokers. Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1 /HLA-DRB1/ was upregulated with microarray (2.1-fold) and with borderline significance with real-time PCR. None of these genes were upregulated in smokers compared to non-smokers in subcutaneous fat. Conclusions: IEGs, IL-1B, and IL-6 were overexpressed in smokers with severe active GO compared to non-smokers suggesting that smoking activates pathways associated with adipogenesis and inflammation. This study underlines the importance of IEGs in the pathogenesis of GO and provides evidence for possible novel therapeutic interventions in GO. The mechanisms activated by smoking may be shared with other conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.}},
author = {{Planck, Tereza and Shahida, Bushra and Parikh, Hemang and Ström, Kristoffer and Åsman, Peter and Brorson, Håkan and Hallengren, Bengt and Lantz, Mikael}},
issn = {{1557-9077}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{10}},
pages = {{1524--1532}},
publisher = {{Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.}},
series = {{Thyroid}},
title = {{Smoking induces overexpression of immediate early genes in active Graves' ophthalmopathy.}},
url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2014.0153}},
doi = {{10.1089/thy.2014.0153}},
volume = {{24}},
year = {{2014}},
}