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A Dietary Biomarker Approach Captures Compliance and Cardiometabolic Effects of a Healthy Nordic Diet in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome.

Marklund, Matti ; Magnusdottir, Ola K ; Rosqvist, Fredrik ; Cloetens, Lieselotte LU ; Landberg, Rikard ; Kolehmainen, Marjukka ; Brader, Lea ; Hermansen, Kjeld ; Poutanen, Kaisa S and Herzig, Karl-Heinz , et al. (2014) In Journal of Nutrition 144(10). p.1642-1649
Abstract
Assessment of compliance with dietary interventions is necessary to understand the observed magnitude of the health effects of the diet per se. To avoid reporting bias, different dietary biomarkers (DBs) could be used instead of self-reported data. However, few studies investigated a combination of DBs to assess compliance and its influence on cardiometabolic risk factors. The objectives of this study were to use a combination of DBs to assess compliance and to investigate how a healthy Nordic diet (ND) influences cardiometabolic risk factors in participants with high apparent compliance compared with the whole study population. From a recently conducted isocaloric randomized trial, SYSDIET (Systems Biology in Controlled Dietary... (More)
Assessment of compliance with dietary interventions is necessary to understand the observed magnitude of the health effects of the diet per se. To avoid reporting bias, different dietary biomarkers (DBs) could be used instead of self-reported data. However, few studies investigated a combination of DBs to assess compliance and its influence on cardiometabolic risk factors. The objectives of this study were to use a combination of DBs to assess compliance and to investigate how a healthy Nordic diet (ND) influences cardiometabolic risk factors in participants with high apparent compliance compared with the whole study population. From a recently conducted isocaloric randomized trial, SYSDIET (Systems Biology in Controlled Dietary Interventions and Cohort Studies), in 166 individuals with metabolic syndrome, several DBs were assessed to reflect different key components of the ND: canola oil (serum phospholipid α-linolenic acid), fatty fish [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], vegetables (plasma β-carotene), and whole grains (plasma alkylresorcinols). High-fat dairy intake (expectedly low in the ND) was reflected by serum pentadecanoic acid. All participants with biomarker data (n = 154) were included in the analyses. Biomarkers were combined by using a biomarker rank score (DB score) and principal component analysis (PCA). The DB score was then used to assess compliance. During the intervention, median concentrations of alkylresorcinols, α-linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA were >25% higher in the ND individuals compared with the controls (P < 0.05), whereas median concentrations of pentadecanoic acid were 14% higher in controls (P < 0.05). Median DB score was 57% higher in the ND compared with controls (P < 0.001) during the intervention, and participants were ranked similarly by DB score and PCA score. Overall, estimates of group difference in cardiometabolic effects generally appeared to be greater among compliant participants than in the whole study population (e.g., estimates of treatment effects on blood pressure and lipoproteins were ∼1.5- to 2-fold greater in the most compliant participants), suggesting that poor compliance attenuated the dietary effects. With adequate consideration of their limitations, DB combinations (e.g., DB score) could be useful for assessing compliance in intervention studies investigating cardiometabolic effects of healthy dietary patterns. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641. (Less)
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organization
publishing date
type
Contribution to journal
publication status
published
subject
in
Journal of Nutrition
volume
144
issue
10
pages
1642 - 1649
publisher
Oxford University Press
external identifiers
  • pmid:25080537
  • wos:000342329900021
  • scopus:84907228529
  • pmid:25080537
ISSN
1541-6100
DOI
10.3945/jn.114.193771
language
English
LU publication?
yes
id
0a43ddeb-3940-4a78-83ad-19a3164165f1 (old id 4615773)
date added to LUP
2016-04-01 10:21:29
date last changed
2022-02-10 01:21:11
@article{0a43ddeb-3940-4a78-83ad-19a3164165f1,
  abstract     = {{Assessment of compliance with dietary interventions is necessary to understand the observed magnitude of the health effects of the diet per se. To avoid reporting bias, different dietary biomarkers (DBs) could be used instead of self-reported data. However, few studies investigated a combination of DBs to assess compliance and its influence on cardiometabolic risk factors. The objectives of this study were to use a combination of DBs to assess compliance and to investigate how a healthy Nordic diet (ND) influences cardiometabolic risk factors in participants with high apparent compliance compared with the whole study population. From a recently conducted isocaloric randomized trial, SYSDIET (Systems Biology in Controlled Dietary Interventions and Cohort Studies), in 166 individuals with metabolic syndrome, several DBs were assessed to reflect different key components of the ND: canola oil (serum phospholipid α-linolenic acid), fatty fish [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], vegetables (plasma β-carotene), and whole grains (plasma alkylresorcinols). High-fat dairy intake (expectedly low in the ND) was reflected by serum pentadecanoic acid. All participants with biomarker data (n = 154) were included in the analyses. Biomarkers were combined by using a biomarker rank score (DB score) and principal component analysis (PCA). The DB score was then used to assess compliance. During the intervention, median concentrations of alkylresorcinols, α-linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA were &gt;25% higher in the ND individuals compared with the controls (P &lt; 0.05), whereas median concentrations of pentadecanoic acid were 14% higher in controls (P &lt; 0.05). Median DB score was 57% higher in the ND compared with controls (P &lt; 0.001) during the intervention, and participants were ranked similarly by DB score and PCA score. Overall, estimates of group difference in cardiometabolic effects generally appeared to be greater among compliant participants than in the whole study population (e.g., estimates of treatment effects on blood pressure and lipoproteins were ∼1.5- to 2-fold greater in the most compliant participants), suggesting that poor compliance attenuated the dietary effects. With adequate consideration of their limitations, DB combinations (e.g., DB score) could be useful for assessing compliance in intervention studies investigating cardiometabolic effects of healthy dietary patterns. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.}},
  author       = {{Marklund, Matti and Magnusdottir, Ola K and Rosqvist, Fredrik and Cloetens, Lieselotte and Landberg, Rikard and Kolehmainen, Marjukka and Brader, Lea and Hermansen, Kjeld and Poutanen, Kaisa S and Herzig, Karl-Heinz and Hukkanen, Janne and Savolainen, Markku J and Dragsted, Lars O and Schwab, Ursula and Paananen, Jussi and Uusitupa, Matti and Åkesson, Björn and Thorsdottir, Inga and Risérus, Ulf}},
  issn         = {{1541-6100}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{1642--1649}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  series       = {{Journal of Nutrition}},
  title        = {{A Dietary Biomarker Approach Captures Compliance and Cardiometabolic Effects of a Healthy Nordic Diet in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome.}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.193771}},
  doi          = {{10.3945/jn.114.193771}},
  volume       = {{144}},
  year         = {{2014}},
}